Comparative analysis of the measurement methods for the supraharmonic range

Mendes, Thais Martins; Duque, Carlos A.; Silva, Leandro Rodrigues Manso; Ferreira, Danton Diego; Meyer, Jan; Ribeiro, Paulo F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105801

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, SH distortions caused by nonlinear loads increase power losses and thus have an adverse impact on the distribution systems and components of electric utilities. Finally, SH are known to cause instability in weak networks with inverters of MG systems, with the consequent spurious tripping of inverters [100][101][102]. Therefore, the effects of SH are hazardous if not taken seriously.…”

Section: A Consequences Of Supraharmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some researchers studied the possible measurement and mitigation methods and devices for SH. The authors in [102] suggest that the signal sampling rate must be chosen as per the rules of signal analysis so that components up to 9 kHz can be measured. However, in transforming the data utilizing the FFT, the number of samples should be processed by a power of two; thus, the total sampling will be 20.48 kHz.…”

Section: Measurements and Mitigation Of Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality in Microgrids Including Supraharmonics: Issues, Standards, and Mitigations

et al. 2020

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A microgrid (MG) is a small-scale power system with a cluster of loads and distributed generators operating together through energy management software and devices that act as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. MG has become a key research element in smart grid and distribution power systems. MG mainly contains different renewable energy sources (RESs) that use various technological advancements, such as power electronics-based technologies. However, it has an unstable output, thereby causing different types of power quality (PQ) events. As a result, standards and mitigation methods have been developed in recent years. To mitigate PQ issues due to MG integration, various methods and standards have been proposed over the last years. Although these individual methods are well documented, a comparative overview had not been introduced so far. Thus, this study aims to fill the gap by reviewing and comparing the prior-art PQ issues, solutions, and standards in MGs. We compare the main issues related to voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current harmonics, system unbalances, and fluctuations to ensure high-quality MG output power. The new technologies associated with MGs generate harmonics emission in the range of 2-150 kHz, thereby causing a new phenomenon, namely, supraharmonics (SH) emission, which is not sufficiently covered in the literature. Therefore, the characteristics, causes, consequences, and measurements of SH are highlighted and analyzed. The mitigation strategies, control, and devices of PQ issues are also discussed. Moreover, a comparison is conducted between the most popular devices used to mitigate the PQ issues in MG in terms of cost, rating, and different aspects of performance. This review study can strengthen the efforts toward the mitigation and standards development of PQ issues in MG applications, especially SH. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions to improve PQ of MG, including SH, are highlighted.

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Section: A Consequences Of Supraharmonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements and Mitigation Of Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Quality in Microgrids Including Supraharmonics: Issues, Standards, and Mitigations

et al. 2020

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“…At present, the relevant standards specify only informative (non-normative) field measurement methods for assessment of grid compliance [6], [7], [8]. Comparisons between these measurement methods have been performed and published, discussing the differences in their characteristics, testing them with simple synthetic signals, or comparing their performance with recorded grid signals [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, in recent years many efforts have been put into developing alternative measurement methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Measurement Methods for 2–150-kHz Conducted Emissions in Power Networks

Ritzmann

Lodetti

Veg

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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This paper presents a comparison of measurement methods for current and voltage distortion in low voltage networks in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 150 kHz (supraharmonics). The comparison encompasses the methods informatively described in IEC and CISPR international standards, as well as other innovative techniques presented in the literature. The presented work is carried out within a novel framework that includes advanced and complex synthetic test signals, as well as real grid recordings, that allow an accurate comparison of the performance of the tested methods. Specifically designed indices are employed to characterize the accuracy of the tested methods in the frequency and amplitude assessment. In light of that, strengths and weaknesses of the methods are identified. The results of this paper contribute to the ongoing standardization work carried out by the IEC SC77A/WG9 with the purpose of defining a normative measurement method suitable for assessing grid disturbance levels in the range from 2 kHz to 150 kHz.

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“…The recent development of high-performance control systems determines emissions of spectral components that are beyond the classical 2 kHz milestone that individuates the low-frequency components, as they can reach up to 150 kHz for the common switching frequencies of the converters. The components in the range 2-150 kHz, typically labeled as supraharmonics in the relevant literature, have been studied much less than their low-frequency counterparts [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characterization of Supraharmonics in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Falco

Varilone²

2021

Applied Sciences

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Modern power systems are subject to waveform distortions that include spectral components (supraharmonics) in the range of 2–150 kHz. Due to the lack of regulation in this range and since supraharmonics may follow time-varying patterns, the operators can take advantage of the statistical characterization of supraharmonics, e.g., for determining convenient power quality limits or to analyze the residual capacity of networks toward further installations of power electronic converters. This paper studies the statistical characterization of supraharmonics in low-voltage distribution networks, considering both the overall supraharmonic distortion (through the characterization of the total supraharmonic distortion index) and individual supraharmonic components. Several probability distributions are proposed and compared, also considering multimodal distributions that can fit more general scenarios in which the supraharmonic emissions follow regime patterns. The outcome of numerical experiments based on publicly available data collected at actual low-voltage distribution networks suggests that multimodal distributions are useful in characterizing supraharmonics in most cases, with acceptable goodness of fitting even in the presence of stair-shaped empirical distributions. This paper can serve as a starting point for the development of probabilistic power system analysis tools accounting for supraharmonic emissions and for the convergence toward standardization in the 2–150 kHz range.

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Comparative analysis of the measurement methods for the supraharmonic range

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Power Quality in Microgrids Including Supraharmonics: Issues, Standards, and Mitigations

Power Quality in Microgrids Including Supraharmonics: Issues, Standards, and Mitigations

Comparison of Measurement Methods for 2–150-kHz Conducted Emissions in Power Networks

Statistical Characterization of Supraharmonics in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

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