Comparative Analysis of Serum Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant Vitamins and Immunoglobulin Levels in Patients Suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Islam, Md. Rabiul; Ahmed, Mohd.; Islam, M S; Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin; Sadia, Fatema Akter; Chowdhury, Zahid Sadek; Nahar, Zabun; Hasnat, Abul

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1358758

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, after adjusting for the influence of various confounding factors (gender, age, motor symptoms, NMSs, and doses of levodopa) in the multiple linear regression analysis model, we found that serum IgG levels were negatively associated with mood/cognition problems and were positively associated with gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in PD patients. In patients with generalized anxiety disorder or major depression, the level of serum IgG remained normal (Gold et al, 2012; Islam et al, 2014). Thus, we hypothesized that the pathological changes of PD might contribute to this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundNon-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can even be used as part of the supportive criteria for diagnosis. Chronic inflammation is involved in every stage of PD. Disorders of the immune system affect the peripheral blood. Whether the humoral immune response is associated with the non-motor symptoms of PD remains unknown.MethodsMann–Whitney tests and Bonferroni correction were used to compare the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 between 180 sporadic PD patients and 187 healthy controls. Multiple regression models were conducted to assess the associations among these indicators of humoral immunity and the clinical features of PD patients.ResultsMale PD patients had lower levels of C3 and C4 than healthy controls [0.87 (0.22) vs. 0.96 (0.19); 0.19 (0.06) vs. 0.22 (0.07), respectively, Pc < 0.01] and lower levels of C3 than female PD patients [0.87 (0.22) vs. 1.02 (0.23), Pc < 0.01]. Patients suffering from attention/memory problems had significantly lower levels of IgA and C3 than those without these problems [1.92 (1.21) vs. 2.57 (0.76); 0.89 (0.24) vs. 0.97 (0.24), respectively, Pc < 0.04]. In addition, serum IgG levels were negatively associated with mood/cognition problem scores and were positively associated with gastrointestinal tract problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.063, F = 1.805, p = 0.038). Serum C3 levels were negatively associated with being male, age, and sleep/fatigue problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.123, F = 2.678, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe peripheral humoral immune response might be correlated with the non-motor symptoms of PD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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“…The increased anxiety-like behaviour observed in present study is considered as one of the early symptoms of emotional disorder occurring from hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities that decrease brain function. It has also been reported that oxidative stress may affect human anxiety (40) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased anxiety-like behaviour is an early symptom of vitamin E deficiency that is suppressed by adrenalectomy in rats

et al. 2020

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We previously reported that dietary vitamin E deficiency increased anxiety-like behavior in rats exposed to social isolation. Here, we performed a detailed investigation of this phenomenon and its underlying mechanism. First, we fed Wistar rats with vitamin E-free diet for 3 days, 1 week, or 2 weeks and found an increase in anxiety-like behavior after 1 and 2 weeks of vitamin E deficiency based on behavioral indicators. Next, we examined the effect of a control diet (150 mg all-racemic α-tocopherol acetate/kg) on anxiety-like behaviors in rats that received a 4- week vitamin E-free diet. We found that increased anxiety-like behavior was reversed to control levels after refeeding vitamin E for 7 days but not for 1 or 3 days. Further, anxiety-like behavior increased or decreased gradually based on the amount of vitamin E intake; however, it had a quicker progression than physical symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. Moreover, rats fed with excess vitamin E (500 mg all-racemic α-tocopherol/kg diet) showed less anxiety-like behavior than control rats, indicating that vitamin E supplementation is effective for preventing anxiety increase under social isolation stress. Since plasma corticosterone levels were higher in vitamin E deficient rats, we investigated the effect of adrenalectomy on anxiety-like behavior and found that adrenal hormones played an essential role in the increased anxiety-like behavior induced by vitamin E deficiency. In conclusion, increased anxiety-like behavior is a symptom that emerges earlier than physical vitamin E deficiency and is caused by adrenal hormone-dependent mechanisms.

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“…Serum concentration of IgA and IgM are significantly higher in obsessive conversion disorder (OCD) patients compare to healthy control but the change of IgG is not significant [21]. Serum IgM levels of GAD patients was found significantly higher than that of the controls whereas IgA and IgG levels were insignificant [22]. All the above findings where immunoglobulin levels were altered can be considered as risk factors for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Serum Immunoglobulins in Bangladeshi Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Nasreen¹,

Kadir²,

Karmoker³

et al. 2018

Health

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Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood which is accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest or pleasure in day to day activities that adversely affects a person's family, work, and personal life. There is no sufficient laboratory test for the diagnosis of MDD and it is expected that this investigation may be helpful for better diagnosis and management of MDD. We aimed to measure serum immunoglobulin levels in MDD patients and control subjects to meet the above demand. Methods: For this purpose, we recruited 88 MDD patients from the department of psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka and 89 healthy volunteers from Dhaka city matched with age, sex and socioeconomic status to the patient group. Turbidimetry method was applied to measure serum levels of immunoglobulin A, G, and M where immunoglobulin kit was utilized. Results: The current study revealed that mean serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, G, and M in patients were found to be 209.07 ± 104.93, 791.50 ± 235.67 and 107.92 ± 47.53 mg/dL while those were 195.34 ± 92.16, 763.81 ± 175.89 and 99.17 ± 48.78 mg/dL in control subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Our result indicates that serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, G and M were not significant between the groups and further studies are required to establish these findings.

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Comparative Analysis of Serum Malondialdehyde, Antioxidant Vitamins and Immunoglobulin Levels in Patients Suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Increased anxiety-like behaviour is an early symptom of vitamin E deficiency that is suppressed by adrenalectomy in rats

Profiling of Serum Immunoglobulins in Bangladeshi Major Depressive Disorder Patients

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