Comparative analysis of serologic cross-reactivity using convalescent sera from filovirus-experimentally infected fruit bats

Schuh, Amy J.; Amman, Brian R.; Sealy, Tara S.; Flietstra, Timothy D.; Guito, Jonathan C.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Towner, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43156-z

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…DH04 showed no cross-reactivity with other FiVs, which, together with its distant phylogenetic position among the other FiVs, indicates that it is genetically distant and antigenically unrelated to other FiVs. These cross-antigenic traits between FiVs based on NP show some consistency with cross-reactivity characterization using bat convalescent sera generated by prime-boost immunization of cultivatable FiVs (31). (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Seroreactive Profiling of Filoviruses in Chinese Bats Reveals Extensive Infection of Diverse Viruses

Zhang

Wang²,

Cai

et al. 2020

J Virol

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Southern China is a hot spot of emerging infectious diseases, in which diverse species of bats dwell, a large group of flying mammals considered natural reservoirs for zoonotic viruses. Recently, divergent filoviruses (FiVs) have been identified in bats within this region, which pose a potential risk to public health, but the true infection situation in bats remains largely unclear. Here, 689 archived bat serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and neutralization assay to investigate the seroprevalence and cross-reactivity of four divergent FiVs and two other viruses (rabies virus and Tuhoko pararubulavirus 1) of different families within the order Mononegavirales. Results showed no cross-antigenicity between FiVs and other mononegaviruses but different cross-reactivity among the FiVs themselves. The total FiV seroreactive rate was 36.3% (250/689), with infection by the indigenous Chinese FiV DH04 or an antigenically related one being the most widely and the most highly prevalent. Further viral metagenomic analysis of fruit bat tissues also identified the gene sequence of a novel FiV. These results indicate the likely prevalence of other so far unidentified FiVs within the Chinese bat population, with frugivorous Rousettus leschenaultii and Eonycteris spelaea bats and insectivorous Myotis horsfieldii and Miniopterus schreibersii bats being their major reservoirs. IMPORTANCE Bats are natural hosts of many FiVs, from which diverse FiVs were serologically or virologically detected in Africa, Europe, and East Asia. Recently, very divergent FiVs were identified in the Chinese bat population, but their antigenic relationship with other known FiVs remains unknown. Here, we conducted serological characterization and investigation of Chinese indigenous FiVs and prototypes of other viruses in bats. Results indicated that Chinese indigenous FiVs are antigenically distant to other FiVs, and infection of novel or multiple FiVs occurred in Chinese bats, with FiV DH04 or an antigenically related one being the most widely and the most highly prevalent. Additionally, besides Rousettus leschenaultii and Eonycteris spelaea bats, the insectivorous Myotis horsfieldii and M. schreibersii bats are highly preferential hosts of FiVs. Seroreactive and viral metagenomic results indicated that more as yet unknown bat-borne FiVs circulate in Southern China, and to uncover them further, investigation and timely surveillance is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Seroreactive Profiling of Filoviruses in Chinese Bats Reveals Extensive Infection of Diverse Viruses

Zhang

Wang²,

Cai

et al. 2020

J Virol

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“…Serology. Serum samples were tested at the CDC for the presence of MARVspecific IgG antibodies by indirect ELISA 52 . Wells of 96-well ELISA plates were coated (100 µL) with a 1:2000 dilution of MARV antigen lysate (in-house) and corresponding wells were coated with an equivalent dilution of uninfected control lysate (in-house).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adjusted sum OD value was determined by summing the adjusted OD values at each four-fold serial dilution. A conservative threshold for MARV seropositivity of 0.92 was applied 52 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Angola-like Marburg virus from Egyptian rousette bats from West Africa

et al. 2020

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Marburg virus (MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe Marburg virus disease (MVD). Most MVD outbreaks originated in East Africa and field studies in East Africa, South Africa, Zambia, and Gabon identified the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB; Rousettus aegyptiacus) as a natural reservoir. However, the largest recorded MVD outbreak with the highest case-fatality ratio happened in 2005 in Angola, where direct spillover from bats was not shown. Here, collaborative studies by the

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“…This assumption is also in accordance with the results of a study by Pourrut et al, who were able to detect ZEBOV-specific antibodies serologically in all three species (namely Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus and Myonycteris torquata) , which had only been tested positive for ZEBOV using serology tests but are partly overlapping in their distribution with the other 3 bat species, might similarly act a putative reservoir hosts, requires further molecular investigations. However, since cross-reactivity of antibodies cannot be excluded, the detection of ZEBOV-specific antibodies could also indicate a related but perhaps not yet discovered virus strain, rather than actual antibodies against the Zaire ebolavirus 47,48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats as putative Zaire ebolavirus reservoir hosts and their habitat suitability in Africa

Koch

Cunze

Kochmann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the genus Ebolavirus comprises some of the deadliest viruses for primates and humans and associated disease outbreaks are increasing in Africa. Different evidence suggests that bats are putative reservoir hosts and play a major role in the transmission cycle of these filoviruses. Thus, detailed knowledge about their distribution might improve risk estimations of where future disease outbreaks might occur. A MaxEnt niche modelling approach based on climatic variables and land cover was used to investigate the potential distribution of 9 bat species associated to the Zaire ebolavirus. this viral species has led to major Ebola outbreaks in Africa and is known for causing high mortalities. Modelling results suggest suitable areas mainly in the areas near the coasts of West Africa with extensions into Central Africa, where almost all of the 9 species studied find suitable habitat conditions. Previous spillover events and outbreak sites of the virus are covered by the modelled distribution of 3 bat species that have been tested positive for the virus not only using serology tests but also pcR methods. Modelling the habitat suitability of the bats is an important step that can benefit public information campaigns and may ultimately help control future outbreaks of the disease. Today, many infectious diseases occurring in humans are zoonotic and originate from infected wild animals 1. Among these emerging diseases, diseases caused by filoviruses pose major health threats, since these viruses belong to the most lethal primate pathogens with average death rates of 50% 2,3. In recent years, the genus Ebolavirus has gained much attention. The genus Ebolavirus was first identified in 1976 in the area of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (near the Ebola River) and the species of this genus are endemic in at least 14 African countries today. Until today, five viral species of the genus Ebolavirus, namely the Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), the Sudan ebolavirus, the Taï Forest ebolavirus, the Bundibugyo ebolavirus and the Reston ebolavirus are known. While the first four species are assumed to be endemic to Africa and have led to numerous disease outbreaks in several African countries so far 4,5 , Reston ebolavirus is probably native to Asian countries, e.g. the Philippines and China 3,6,7. Similar to the Marburg virus, the different species within the genus Ebolavirus, except Reston ebolavirus, cause haemorrhagic fever, which includes various symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and muscle pain 4,8. Besides their common symptoms, the five viral species differ in their pathogenicity, from asymptotic infections caused by Reston ebolavirus in humans to high mortality rates of up to 77-88% in case of ZEBOV infections 6,9-11. The largest outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) until today occurred in Western Africa between 2014 and 2016. Starting in December 2013 with a probable spillover of the virus from infected bats 12 , the epidemic spread to other parts of Africa. The largest impact and number of EVD cases were reco...

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Comparative analysis of serologic cross-reactivity using convalescent sera from filovirus-experimentally infected fruit bats

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Seroreactive Profiling of Filoviruses in Chinese Bats Reveals Extensive Infection of Diverse Viruses

Seroreactive Profiling of Filoviruses in Chinese Bats Reveals Extensive Infection of Diverse Viruses

Isolation of Angola-like Marburg virus from Egyptian rousette bats from West Africa

Bats as putative Zaire ebolavirus reservoir hosts and their habitat suitability in Africa

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