Comparative analysis of new particle formation events in less and severely polluted urban atmosphere

Zhu, Yujiao; Sabaliauskas, Kelly; Liu, Xiaohuan; He, Meng; Gao, Huiwang; Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Evans, Greg J.; Yao, Xiaohong

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.043

Cited by 50 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The geometric average diameter increased from 45 to 200 nm and from 22 to 220 nm in around 1 h for experiments I-1 and II-1, with respective particle growth rates of 139 and 181 nm h  ; these rates were one order of magnitude higher than those observed in urban environments [50][51][52]. Some studies have shown that particles larger than 80 nm can be activated as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at moderate atmospheric supersaturation and that they possibly directly and indirectly impact climate [53,54].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

et al. 2015

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

et al. 2015

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“…In the atmosphere over marginal seas of China, the occurrence frequency of NPF event was the highest in fall (28%), followed by spring (14%) and summer (7%). On the contrary, spring is widely documented as the season with the highest occurrence frequency for NPF events in the continental boundary layer globally (Kulmala et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2017;Nieminen et al, 2018). Different from these high spring continental NPF events, the spring over the marginal seas 30 was the season with most frequent occurrence of sea fog likely resulting from the slower warming of sea surface relative to Atmos.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Npf Events In Marine Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results were caused by varying growing ceilings, which was clearly shown at OUC as well, of new particles growing to the maximum 20 sizes observed during the events in three seasons. In fact, the existence of the ceiling is the common phenomenon during the NPF events occurring in various urban or coastal atmospheres, highlighted by Zhu et al (2014Zhu et al ( , 2017 and Man et al (2015).…”

Section: Particle Number Concentrations and Size Distributions In Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…New particle formation (NPF) events have been widely studied in clean or polluted continental atmospheres since the processes are considered to be an important source of atmospheric particles (Kulmala and Kerminen, 2008;Zhang et al, 2012;5 Sabaliauskas et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2014). The grown new particles in the atmosphere can affect Earth's radiation budget by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or directly scattering and absorbing solar radiation (Kerminen et al, 2012;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Zhu

Shen

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. To study the particle number concentration, size distribution and new particle formation (NPF) events in marine atmosphere, we made measurements during six cruise campaigns over the marginal seas of China in 2011-2016 and one 10 campaign from the marginal seas to the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in 2014. We observed relatively frequent NPF events in the atmosphere over the marginal seas of China, i.e., 23 out of 126 observational days with the highest occurrence frequency in fall, followed by spring and summer. 22 out of 23 NPF events were analyzed to be associated with the long-range transport of continental pollutants based on 24-hr air mass back trajectories and the pre-existing particle number concentrations largely exceeding the clean marine background, leaving one much weaker NPF event to be likely induced by oceanic precursors 15 alone and supported by multiple independent evidences. Although the long-range transport signal of continental pollutants can be clearly observed in the remote marine atmosphere over the NWPO, NPF events were observed only in 2 days out of 36 days. The nucleation mode particles (<30 nm), however, accounted for as high as 40%13% of the total particle number concentration during the NWPO cruise campaign, implying that there were many undetected NPF events in the sea-level atmosphere or above. 20To better characterize NPF events, we introduced a term, i.e., the net maximum increase in nucleation mode particles number concentration (NMINP) and correlated it with formation rate of new particles (FR). We found a moderately good linear correlation between NMINP and FR at FR 8 cm -3 s -1 , but there was no correlation at FR >8 cm -3 s -1. The possible mechanisms were argued in terms of roles of different vapor precursors. We also found a ceiling existing for the growth of new particles from 10 nm to larger size in most of NPF events. We thereby introduce a term, i.e., the maximum geometric 25 median diameter of new particles (Dpgmax) and correlate it with the growth rate of new particles (GR). A moderately good linear correlation was also obtained between Dpgmax and GR, and only GR larger than 7.9 nm h -1 can lead to new particles growing with Dpgmax beyond 50 nm. Combining simultaneous measurements of the particle number size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at different super saturations (SS), we indeed observed a clear increase in CCN when the Dpg of new particles exceeded 50 nm at SS=0.4%. However, it was not the case for SS=0.2%. Consistent with previous studies in 30 continental atmosphere, our results implied that 50 nm can be used as the threshold for new particles to be activated as CCN in the marine atmosphere. Moreover, the κ decreased from 0.4 to 0.1 during the growth period of new particles, implying that Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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“…The CS was much greater than 0.5 × 10 −3 -3.5 × 10 −3 s −1 in Hyytiälä, Finland , but significantly lower than that at many locations in China, such as 0.6 × 10 −2 -8.4 × 10 −2 s −1 in Beijing, 0.9 × 10 −2 -3.9 × 10 −2 s −1 in Nanjing, 0.9 × 10 −2 -5.3 × 10 −2 in Qingdao, and 1.0 × 10 −2 -6.2 × 10 −2 s −1 in Hong Kong Gao et al, 2012;Guo et al, 2012;An et al, 2015;Herrmann et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014). Overall, the general atmospheric environment at the summit of Mt.…”

Section: Condensation Sinks and Sources Of Npfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of new particle formation at the summit of Mt. Tai, China

Lv¹,

Sui²,

Chen³

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. To date, few comprehensive field observations of new particle formation (NPF) have been carried out at mountaintop sites in China. In this study, simultaneous measurements of particle size distribution, trace gases, meteorological parameters, and mass concentration and chemical composition of PM 2.5 were performed at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) from 25 July to 24 August 2014 (Phase I), 21 September to 9 December 2014 (Phase II), and 16 June to 7 August 2015 (Phase III) to investigate characteristics and favorable conditions of NPF in a relatively clean mountaintop environment. The NPF events were identified based on particle size distribution measured by the neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS), and 66 such events were observed during a period of 164 days -corresponding to an occurrence frequency of 40 %. The formation rates of 3 nm particles (J 3 ) and growth rates were in the ranges of 0.82-25.04 cm −3 s −1 and 0.58-7.76 nm h −1 , respectively. On average, the condensation sink (CS), O 3 concentration, air temperature, and relative humidity were lower, whereas the SO 2 concentration was higher on NPF days than that on non-NPF days. The CS on Mt. Tai was at a low level and lower CS was critical for NPF. NPF events were common when wind came from the east-southeast and west-southwest, which was probably associated with relatively lower CS in the east-southeast and higher SO 2 concentration in the west-southwest. O 3 was not a governing factor for NPF in this study, and a high level of NO x concentration might be responsible for the decreased O 3 concentration on NPF days. Three categories of backward trajectories were classified, among which the continental air mass was the majority. The continental air mass passing through more polluted areas (denoted as Type I) favored NPF because of enhanced SO 2 concentration and potential ammonia with it. An in-depth analysis of SO 2 indicated that sulfuric acid was a dominant precursor on Mt. Tai; meanwhile, biogenic organics released from ambient forests in warm seasons and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from domestic heating in cold seasons also promoted NPF.

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Comparative analysis of new particle formation events in less and severely polluted urban atmosphere

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise campaigns

Investigation of new particle formation at the summit of Mt. Tai, China

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