Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Tuning the PID Controller Parameters for Load Frequency Control Problem

Abstract

This paper present the analysis of tuning the parameters of PID controller applied to load frequency control problem. In case of an interconnected power system, any small sudden load change in any of the areas causes the fluctuation of the frequencies of each and every area and also there is fluctuation of power in tie line. For satisfactory operation of a power system, frequency should remain nearly constant. Frequency deviations can directly impact on a power system operation, system stability, reliability and efficiency. Large frequency deviations can damage equipments, degrade load performance, overload transmission lines and affect the performance of system protection schemes. These large-frequency deviation events can ultimately lead to a system collapse. A Load Frequency Control (LFC) scheme basically incorporates an appropriate control system for an interconnected power system, which is heaving the capability to bring the frequencies of each area and the tie line powers back to original set point values or very nearer to set point values effectively after the sudden load change. This can be achieved by the use of conventional and modern controllers. Modern controllers have a lot of advantages over conventional integral controller. They are much faster than integral controllers and also they give better stability response than integral controllers. In this proposed research work PID controller has been applied for LFC of two area power systems. The parameters of the PID controller are tuned by two different methods names as (1) Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) Method and (2) Simplex Search Method for better results. It is seen that the results obtained are far better than the conventional controller.

A Comprehensive Analysis of PID Control Applications in Automation Systems: Current Trends and Future Directions

“…Dharmendra Jain therefore used the PID controller to adjust the two zonal power systems' LFC. The findings demonstrate that during a sudden load change, the zonal frequency can be quickly restored to its predefined value or very close to it by appropriately adjusting the PID controller's parameters, all the while maintaining the contact line power within an acceptable tolerance range [11].…”

Optimization of controllers using soft computing technique for load frequency control of multi-area deregulated power system

“…Tan et al [3] has described decentralised load frequency regulation in restructured contexts. Jain et al [4]- [6] discussed the use of PID controller is used to control for load frequency control of multi area conventional and restructured power network. Optimal firefly algorithm for LFC of electrical system in restructured scenario has been explained by Sekhar et al [7].…”

Automatic Generation Control of Two Area Thermal Power System using Single Objective PSO and DE Optimization Techniques

“…One the advantage of AGC is to drive ACE to zero and ACE is a linear combination of change in frequency and tie-line power deviations, so that one task of the controlled output of AGC is making the tie-line power and frequency errors to zero [1,3,5]. Ziegler-Nichols is one of the early conventional PID tuning technique [4] ,this method is practical applied for broad range application ,however, these traditional methods have their own drawback for employing in large interconnected power system, some of the reasons are, they do not perform adequately for non-linearity and uncertainty cases and results in poor transient performance and slow in action, large overshoot, more oscillation and long settling time, for this comparison the artificial intelligent methods are better as mentioned in [6]. To enhance the capabilities, PID parameters are tuned using GA and DE for two area multi-unit thermal power plant by applying single and multi-objective optimization and an attractive result was obtained for the case of DE [3,8],the artificial intelligent technique PSO has been applied to improve the PID controller [7] besides this, optimization of nonlinear and linear time-invariant function by PSO is given in [10,13].…”