Comparative Analysis of Battery Behavior with Different Modes of Discharge for Optimal Capacity Sizing and BMS Operation

Abstract

Battery-operated systems are always concerned about the proper management and sizing of a battery. A Traditional Battery Management System (BMS) only includes battery-aware task scheduling based on the discharge characteristics of a whole battery pack and do not take into account the mode of the load being served by the battery. On the other hand, an efficient and intelligent BMS should monitor the battery at a cell level and track the load with significant consideration of the load mode. Depending upon the load modes, the common modes of discharge (MOD) of a battery identified so far are Constant Power Mode (CPM), Constant Current Mode (CCM) and Constant Impedance Mode (CIM). This paper comparatively analyzes the discharging behavior of batteries at an individual cell level for different load modes. The difference in discharging behavior from mode to mode represents the study of the mode-dependent behavior of the battery before its deployment in some application. Based on simulation results, optimal capacity sizing and BMS operation of battery for an assumed situation in a remote microgrid has been proposed.

A study of the effect of cycling modes on the electrochromic properties of Ni(OH)2 films

“…Various modern papers serve as an example of different regimes used for cycling electrochemical devices. The paper [16] describes and discusses different regimes for accumulator charging and their influence on the resulting capacity of these electrochemical devices. The paper notes the importance of the regime for capacity testing and proposes the structure of the remote power grid based on modeling results.…”

Characteristics of Battery Management Systems of Electric Vehicles with Consideration of the Active and Passive Cell Balancing Process

“…where the capacity of the battery is defined as Q 0 at time t [11,18,19,23]. It is very challenging to accurately estimate SOC by current methodologies.…”

“…where SOH (t 0 ) is the initial battery health condition, δ func is a function which depends on voltage, current, heat, SOC, mechanical vibrations and over-potential, etc. [11,18,19,23].…”

“…When the battery has a low burden or no load for quite a while, dynamic charges have sufficient opportunity to diffuse to the anodes, and charge recuperation happens. Subsequently, the usable limit of the battery released at a high rate is lower than that of one released at a low rate [12,20,23].…”

“…Output energy Input energy •100 (11) where output energy is the discharge energy and input energy is the energy required to charge to the initial state. The efficiency of the battery is affected by the energy lost (I 2 R), which means that the efficiency decreases, as the average discharge current increases [20,23].…”