Comparative Analyses of Human Exosome Proteomes

Yang, Hao; Zhang, Haiyang; Gu, Hal-Bon; Wang, Jin; Zhang, Junfeng; Zen, Ke; Li, Donghai

doi:10.1007/s10930-023-10100-0

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Several challenges hinder the progress of implementing exosomes in clinical applications. These include the absence of standardized protocols for isolating and analyzing these microvesicles, as well as the variability in yield caused by factors such as extraction methods, human error, storage conditions, and equipment type (Yang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives

Pang,

Shao,

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In recent years, stem cells and their secretomes, notably exosomes, have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Exosomes are cellular secretomes used for intercellular communication. They perform the function of intercellular messengers by facilitating the transport of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and therapeutic substances. Their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, targetability, stability, and engineerable characteristics have additionally led to their application as drug delivery vehicles. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes can be improved through surface modification employing functional molecules, including aptamers, antibodies, and peptides. Given their potential as targeted delivery vehicles to enhance the efficiency of treatment while minimizing adverse effects, exosomes exhibit considerable promise. Stem cells are considered advantageous sources of exosomes due to their distinctive characteristics, including regenerative and self-renewal capabilities, which make them well-suited for transplantation into injured tissues, hence promoting tissue regeneration. However, there are notable obstacles that need to be addressed, including immune rejection and ethical problems. Exosomes produced from stem cells have been thoroughly studied as a cell-free strategy that avoids many of the difficulties involved with cell-based therapy for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the existing knowledge regarding exosomes, including their engineering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment applications.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives

Pang,

Shao,

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are a number of obstacles in moving the use of exosomes from "bench-tobedside" and among these are the lack of standardization of procedures involved in isolating and analyzing these microvesicles and the variation in yield that can result based on method of extraction, human error, storage conditions, and type of equipment [263]. The purity of exosomes and presence of contaminants may interfere with their characterization and quantification [264,265].…”

Section: Challenges In the Application Of Exosomes In Diagnosis And T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Target

et al. 2023

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent decades, clinical research has made significant advances, resulting in improved survival and recovery rates for patients with CVD. Despite this progress, there is substantial residual CVD risk and an unmet need for better treatment. The complex and multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of CVD pose a challenge for researchers seeking effective therapeutic interventions. Consequently, exosomes have emerged as a new focus for CVD research because their role as intercellular communicators gives them the potential to act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic nanocarriers. In the heart and vasculature, cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and resident stem cells are involved in cardiac homeostasis via the release of exosomes. Exosomes encapsulate cell-type specific miRNAs, and this miRNA content fluctuates in response to the pathophysiological setting of the heart, indicating that the pathways affected by these differentially expressed miRNAs may be targets for new treatments. This review discusses a number of miRNAs and the evidence that supports their clinical relevance in CVD. The latest technologies in applying exosomal vesicles as cargo delivery vehicles for gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and cell repair are described.

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“…The primary techniques for isolating exosomes are gradient density centrifugation, differential ultracentrifugation, polymer immunoprecipitation, gel exclusion separation, and membrane affinity kits. One of the most popular separation techniques nowadays is ultracentrifugation, and the purest separation can be achieved using ultracentrifugation in combination with sucrose gradient density centrifugation ( 40 ). Exosomes have a low level of toxicity, are highly bioavailable, and are biologically stable ( 41 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overview of exosome lncRNAs: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics in endometriosis

et al. 2023

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Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that significantly impacting women’s daily lives. In recent years, the incidence of endometriosis has been rising yearly and is now an essential contributor to female infertility. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and shield lncRNA from the outside environment thanks to their vesicle-like structure. The role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in endometriosis is also receiving more study as high-throughput sequencing technology develops. Several lncRNAs with variable expression may be crucial to the emergence and growth of endometriosis. The early diagnosis of endometriosis will be considerably improved by further high specificity and sensitivity Exosome lncRNA screening. Exosomes assist lncRNAs in carrying out their roles, offering a new target for creating endometriosis-specific medications. In order to serve as a reference for clinical research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options of endometriosis, this paper covers the role of exosome lncRNAs in endometriosis and related molecular mechanisms.

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Comparative Analyses of Human Exosome Proteomes

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives

Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives

Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Target

A comprehensive overview of exosome lncRNAs: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics in endometriosis

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