“…The author concludes that this study challenges a -common approach that attributes Turkish contractors" success in international markets to labour cost advantages and geographic and cultural proximity to several promising markets.‖ Specifically, by applying the diamond framework, it seems that -Turkish contractors" advantages are found not to be limited to "factor conditions" and "chance" events. Overall, beyond the above application cases (Byun & Mann, 2011;Dögl, Holtbrügge, & Schuster, 2012;Harzing & Giroud, 2014;Kharub & Sharma, 2017), it is clear that the use of -diamond's‖ analytical methodology to date is both broad and multifaceted (Afzal, Lawrey, & Gope, 2019;Fang, Zhou, Wang, Ye, & Guo, 2018;Wonglimpiyarat, 2017). Nevertheless, various criticisms and extensions are also present.…”