Comparative Analgesic Effects of Intradermal and Subdermal Injection of Sterile Water on Active Labor Pain

Abstract

Background The labor pain is one of the factors encouraging pregnant women for cesarean section delivery. Recently, intradermal and subdermal injection of distilled water has shown to be effective in improving this pain. Objectives The present study aimed to determine which method has a greater impact on labor pain reduction. Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 121 nulliparous women with a gestational age of ≥ 37 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: (1) 0.5 cc sterile water injection subdermally at four sacral points with insulin needles (n = 40); (2) 0.5 cc sterile water injection intradermally (n = 39); and (3) needle contact with the mentioned points as the placebo (n = 42). Before the intervention, the VAS score was measured for labor pain, and it was repeated 10, 30, 60, and 90 min after the intervention. The results were compared between the three groups. Results Before the intervention, the mean VAS pain score had no significant difference between the three groups. However, 30, 60, and 90 min after the intervention, the mean pain score was significantly lower in the intradermal and subdermal injection groups than in the control group (P = 0.001); however, the difference between the intradermal and subdermal injection groups was not significant. Conclusions The injection of distilled water by either intradermal or subdermal method was associated with a significant reduction in the pain score during labor, but there was no difference between these two methods in terms of decreasing labor pain. As sterile water injection is a safe, effective, and low-cost method, it is proposed to increase the knowledge of midwives and obstetricians about this method.

Effectiveness of Spinal Analgesia for Labor Pain Compared with Epidural Analgesia

“…Some studies mentioned that spinal analgesia not only can be applied more easily but also is faster, less expensive, and more effective than epidural analgesia (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Administration of opioid drugs in neuraxial blocks, which do not affect the sympathetic activity, along with local anesthetics, is a common technique to avoid negative consequences such as hypotension in these techniques (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, the local anesthetic dose that can safely provide effective, longlasting labor analgesia without motor block must be determined.…”

Treatment of Dorsal Back Pain with Glucopuncture

“…The latter may influence the peripheral nerve endings in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This may explain partly the temporary pain modulating effects of intradermal water injections [22][23][24][25]. The extracellular matrix is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, and several other glycoproteins [26].…”

Electroconvulsive Therapy for a Patient with Suicide by Drinking Bleach During Treatment of COVID-19: A Case Report

“…The novel coronavirus can cause acute respiratory disease that was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan. It has affected more than five million people worldwide (1,2). Some COVID-19 patients have psychological diseases that require medical treatment or electroconvulsive therapy under general anesthesia.…”