Comparative acute toxicities of selected pesticides to Anguilla anguilla

Ferrando, N.; Sancho, E.; Andreu-Moliner, E.

doi:10.1080/03601239109372751

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Observed behavioural changes, such as erratic swimming, gasping for air, sudden quick movement and somersaulting are similar to changes linked to the toxicity of xenobiotics on fish as have been reported in previous studies (Ferrando et al, 1991;Sarikaya and Yilmaz 2003). Perhaps, such behavioural changes could be attributed to both the direct toxicity of the chemical or the deterioration of water quality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Okogwu¹,

Anionwo²,

Anoke³

et al. 2016

Nig. J. Biotechnol

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The herbicide, 2,4-D is commonly used to control broad leaf weeds in agriculture and to eliminate aquatic weeds. Run-offs to floodplains that serve as breeding sites of some fish species such as Clarias gariepinus is common. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D on the behaviour, haematology and histology of the African catfish, C. gariepinus, in order to understand its toxicity. Juvenile catfish weighing 10.03±14.1g were exposed to lethal concentrations and subsequently three sublethal concentrations (0.43, 0.58 and 0.72mg/L) of 2,4-D. The behaviour of the fish was observed during exposure and after 96h, the blood and tissues from the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills were collected and analyzed. The result showed that exposed fish displayed signs of asphyxiation. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) significantly decreased by 17-40% while white blood cell (WBC) increased significantly (p<0.05) by 78-137% in a concentration dependent pattern. Histopathological analysis showed extensive damage to the liver, kidney, fin, brain and gills of the fish exposed to sublethal concentration, which suggests that 2,4-D causes deleterious harm to hepatocytes and renal, neural, fin and gill cells. Damage to the gill filaments could impair oxygen uptake resulting in asphyxia and consequently death over a period. The study clearly shows that C. gariepinus is highly susceptible to the toxicity of 2,4-D, therefore the use of this herbicide in rice paddies near the breeding sites of the fish should be discouraged.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Okogwu¹,

Anionwo²,

Anoke³

et al. 2016

Nig. J. Biotechnol

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“…Acute toxicity for fish (LCS0: 96 h) varies from 0.1 pg I-' in Morone saxatilis (Korn & Earnest 1974) and mosquito fish (Joshi et al 1981) to 20 and 42 g g 1-' in eel at 29 and 22"C, respectively (Ferrando et al 1987(Ferrando et al , 1991. For reviews on acute toxicity data of endosulfan, see Schimmel et al (1977), Johnson & Finley (1980), Goebel et al (1982), Verschueren (1983), Baier et al (19851, Mayer & Ellersieck (1986), Paul & Raut (1987), Sunderan?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Braunbeck¹,

Appelbaum²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In order to elucidate the importance of food-borne chemical contamination in fish, cytological and ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes and enterocytes of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. exposed for 5 wk to 0.5 pg endosulfan (6,7,8.9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a, 6,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxyanthiepin-3-oxide) kg-' food dry weight, equivalent to an ultra-low dosis of 15 ng kg-' fish d-', were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy Observations on liver alterations were quantified by morphometric analysis Livers show enlargement of the nucleolus, increase in number and size of both Golgi flelds and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lamellae, as well as proliferation of peroxisomes and lysosomes. Taken together, these alterations represent the morphological equivalent of a general stimulation of hepatic metabolism. Proliferation of the smooth ER is indicative of the onset of biotransformation processes under the influence of food-borne endosulfan. Further pathological processes in the liver were evident by glycogen and lipid depletion, invasion of phagocytic macrophages, and accun?ulation of myelinated bodies in endothehal cells of hepatic sinusoids. In the intestinal tract, exposure to endosulfan is associated with a complete lack of chylomicrons in the epithelia1 lining, w h~c h indicates disturbance of intestinal absorption. The reaction of the gut epithelium also included considerable distension of the intercellular space and an elevated number of lysosomal inclusions in enterocytes. An increased rate of mucous cell precursors was detectable, and rnacrophages were numerous. Results are consistent with endosulfan resorption by the intestinal epithelium and the coexistence of gut and liver ultrastructural changes at extremely low doses. Thus, the substantiation of patholog~cal alterations In organs sequentlally in contact with toxicants appears useful as a biomarker of pollutant exposure and effect. With regard to a chemical spill into the Rhine river at Basel, Switzerland, in November 1986, endosulfan, as a component of the mixture of toxic substances, may well have contributed to the overall toxicity of the chemicals released during the accident and the subsequent fish kill, less as a toxicant in itself than as a stimulant for the toxicity of other xenobiotics.

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“…Compared with the fish species tested in this study, the 96h LC 50 of a teleost fish, Anguilla anguilla, (0.2 mg L -1 ) was very low indicating that FNT is extremely toxic to this species (Ferrando et al, 1991). Shao-Nan and De-Fang (1996) studied the acute toxicity of malathion to these three species of fish in our laboratory and found the 96h LC 50 to be 0.7, 14.5 and 0.25 mg L -1 for G. holbrooki, P. parva and O. mykiss, respectively.…”

Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity and effect of fenitrothion on liver esterase of fish

Sorsa¹

2004

SEJS

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ABSTRACT:The acute toxicity of fenitrothion (FNT) alone and combined with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and their effect on liver esterase (LE) activity of Gambusia holbrooki, Pseudorasobora parva and Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied in aquaria for 96h. The results indicated that fenitrothion is moderately toxic to the three species of fish tested, the toxicity being highest to O. mykiss followed by P. parva and G. holbrooki. Both FNT concentrations and the exposure time on the activity of LE and FNT (two way ANOVA P<0.05) caused more inhibition in G. holbrooki than P. parva. Pretreating fish with either PBO or TPP changed the acute toxicity level and LE sensitivity compared with those exposed to FNT alone. The acute toxicity level and susceptibility of LE to FNT was found to be inversely related. With additional studies P. parva and G. holbrooki have the potential to be used as bioindicator, and LE as biochemical biomarker of environmental pollution by FNT and other related compounds.

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Comparative acute toxicities of selected pesticides to Anguilla anguilla

Cited by 61 publications

References 4 publications

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Behavioural, Haematological and Histopathological Changes in the African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> Exposed to 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Acute toxicity and effect of fenitrothion on liver esterase of fish

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