Comparative Acute Exposure Study of Abamectin Different Formulations Inducing Physiological and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus).

Abstract

The goal of this study is to assess the acute and sublethal potential hazards on tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to two different commercial formulations of abamectin (ABM, 5%): emulsifiable concentration (EC) and microemulsions (ME). The median lethal concentration (LC50 -96 h) to each formulation was determined, as well as the adverse effects of sublethal concentrations (½ LC50) on physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers after 96hs of exposure. The LC50 (96 h) values for EC and ME were 10 and 16.6 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, in both EC and ME, the findings of physiological and oxidative stress aspects revealed significant markedly increases in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and urea, as well as a significant decline in aminotransferases activity (ALT and AST), and creatinine levels (Cre). Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were greatly increased, whereas glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in the liver and brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pesticide Used:Abamectin (ABM) as two formulations: 5% EC (Profery) and 5% ME (Spider gold) were supplied by the central agricultural pesticide laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural

The potential effect of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaf extract against oxidative stress, immune response disruption induced by abamectin exposure in Oreochromis niloticus

“…In the present study, the fish exposed to 0.5 ug/l ABM exhibited a significant increase in the urea levels and reduction of the creatinine concentration. This is in line with the findings of Farag and Reda (2021) who found that fish exposed to ABM (5% EC) had considerably higher serum urea and lower creatinine levels after 96 h. Since the kidney is the organ that largely excretes urea, the increase in urea concentration may be linked to decreased kidney glomerular filtration, dysfunctional kidney tubules, and impaired kidney function (Magdy et al 2016;Walmsley and White 1994). On contrary, Mahmoud et al (2021) recorded a significant increase in O. niloticus exposed to 20.73 μg/l ABM for 84 days.…”

“…On the contrary, the Labeo rohita juveniles fed with emamectin benzoate ≥ 250 μg kg −1 of fish biomass per day for 21 days had considerably high levels of ALP (Choudhary et al 2022). The marked increase in serum total protein, albumin, and globulin was recorded in O. niloticus exposed to ABM acute toxicity at 5 µg/l for 96 h (Farag and Reda 2021). In another study, abamectin was found to dramatically lower total protein concentration in tilapia fish tissues, including the liver, muscle, kidney, and gills (Al-Kahtani 2011).…”

“…According to Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs (EPA/OPP) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), ABM is classified as very high toxic compound (category 1), which is extremely toxic to aquatic species. For example, the 96 h-LC 50 of abamectin (Profery 5% EC) for Oreochromis niloticus is 10 ug/l (Farag and Reda 2021).…”

“…The physical characteristics of the ABM are that it is colorless to pale yellow crystals. The LC 50 -96 h of ABM was previously estimated in our laboratory and found to be 10 µg/l (Farag and Reda 2021). In this study, we will apply 1/20 of LC 50 -96 h of ABM (0.5 µg/l).…”

Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin against Abamectin-Induced Hemato-Biochemical Alterations and Hepatorenal Oxidative Damage in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…In addition, ABM has a wide use as an antiparasite in farm animals [ 8 ]. Accordingly, ABM can flow from the application sites and reach aquatic ecosystems, causing harmful effects to non-target fish and other aquatic organisms, even at low levels (μg/L) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”