Comparative Activity and Selectivity of Herbicide Antidotes

Stephenson, Gerald R.; Chang, F. Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-544050-9.50008-8

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…This observation could support the hypothesis that safeners are receptor antagonists of herbicides (Stephenson and Chang, 1978;Stephenson et al, 1979). Dichlormid is used commercially with EPTC and butylate at a ratio of 1:11 and 1:24, respectively, which is in reasonable agreement with the ratios of their IC,, values (1:ll and 1:54, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Dichloroacetamide safeners are somewhat effective against thiocarbamates and chloroacetanilides in plants other than maize and sorghum, e.g. barley, bean, and wheat (Stephenson and Chang, 1978;Hatzios, 1983), which do not have SafBA. Therefore, if SafBA is involved in the action of dichloroacetamides in these species, either the maize assay for SafBA is not appropriate or safening action occurs through a different pathway in other plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism by which safeners do this is currently unknown. Based on the close structural similarity of some herbicides and safeners, it has also been proposed that safeners might act by competing with herbicides for the same site of action (Stephenson and Chang, 1978;Stephenson et al, 1979). In this model, safeners would be inactive analogs (antagonists) of herbicides; once bound, herbicides but not safeners would be able to induce the chain of events leading to toxicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides

Walton

Casida

1995

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides

Walton

Casida

1995

Plant Physiol.

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“…The limited efficacy of R-25788 in protecting grain sorghum from herbicidal injury caused by any of the three herbicides examined in this study was not surprising, since R-25788 is a safener with distinct chemical and botanical specificity. Earlier studies by Stephenson & Chang (1978) and by Leavitt & Penner (1978) have shown that R-25788 is particularly effective as a safener only on maize and only against injury caused by thiocarbamate or ehloroaeetanilide herbicides. The structural similarity that exists between the safener R-25788 and thiocarbamate or ehloroaeetanilide herbicides, has been suggested as the basis for the observed chemical specificity of this safener Leavitt & Penner, 1978).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential safeners for protecting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against chlorsulfuron, fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim*

Hatzios

1984

Weed Research

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In greenhouse studies, the efficacy ofthe herbicide safeners NA(l,8-naphthalic anhydride), R-25788 (Af,Af-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), cyometrinil and CGA-92194 [Af-(l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxy)imino-benzeneaceto-nitrile] in protecting grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. 'Funk G623') against injury from pre-emergence or early post-emergence applications ofthe herbicides chlorsulfuron, fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim was examined. NA as a seed dressing at 0-5 or 10% (w/w) was the most effective ofthe four safeners and offered partial to good protection to sorghum against injury from the lower rates of pre-emergence applications of all three herbicides. R-25788 was totally ineffective as a sorghum protectant against fluazifop-butyl injury but it did antagonize partially the injurious effects of the lower rates of sethoxydim and chlorsulfuron on sorghum. Cyometrinil and CGA-92194 offered partial protection to sorghum against injury from the lowest rate of all herbicides but their efficacy against higher rates of the three herbicides was very limited. None ofthe four safeners was effective in protecting grain sorghum against injury from post-emergence applications of the three herbicides tested. • Plant Pathology and Physiology Department Contribution No. 492. Protectants potentiels pour le sorgho ('Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) contre le chlorsulfuron, le ftuazifop-butyle et le sethoxydime L'efficacite des protectants NA (1,8-anhydride naphthalique), R-25788 (A',Af-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), cyometrinile et CGA-92194 [N-(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)imino-benzeneacetonitrile] dans la protection du sorgho grain (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) var. 'Funk G623' contre le chlorsulfuron, le fluazifop butyle et le sethoxydime, en applications de prelevee ou de postlevee precoce, a ete etudiee en serre. Le NA 0,5 ou 1% (p/p), comme traitement de semences, s'est montre le plus efficace des quatre protectants et a fourni une assez bonne protection contre les degats resultant des doses inferieures des trois herbicides en prelevee. R-25788 s'est revele totalement inefficace comme protectant du sorgho contre fluazifop-butyle, mais il a pare en quelque sorte aux effets nefastes sur le sorgho provoques par de petites doses de sethoxydime et chlorsulfuron.Le cyometrinile et CGA-92194 ont fourni une protection partielle contre les degats provoques par les plus petites doses de tous les trois desherbants; contre les doses superieures, cependant, ils se sont reveles peu efficaces. Aucun des quatre protectants n'a fourni une protection efficace pour le sorgho grain contre les degats provoques par les trois desherbants en application de postlevee.

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“…The idea that safeners act as antagonists of herbicides at a common site of action arose from structure-activity relationship studies on dichloroacetamide safeners against thiocarbamate herbicides (Stephenson and Chang 1978). More recent studies using comptiter-assisted molecular modelling revealed that chloroacetanilide herbicides and their respective safeners are similar at the molecular level (Yenne and Hatzios, 1990).…”

Section: Structtiral Relationships Between Herbicides and Safenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism

Farago

Brunold

Kreuz

1994

Physiologia Plantarum

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Herbicide safeners are chemicals which protect crop plants from injury by certain herbicides, without affecting weed control efficacy of the herbicides. The protective mechanism of herbicide safeners has not yet been fully elucidated, but there is increasing evidence that safeners act by selectively enhancing herbicide detoxification in crop plants. To date, two main detoxification pathways have been related to the mode of action of herbicide safeners. The first includes oxidation and subsequent glucose conjugation, mediated by cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenases and UDP‐glucosyltransferases, respectively. This pathway appears to be important predominantly in safener protection to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and sulfonylurea herbicides. The second pathway represents the conjugation of thiocarbamate sulfoxides and chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione. This mechanism is accomplished by either elevating the levels of reduced glutathione or the activity of glutathione S‐transferase, or both. Since glutathione has been reported to be involved in several stress situations of plants its function associated with safener‐induced herbicide tolerance will be discussed in more detail in this review.

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Comparative Activity and Selectivity of Herbicide Antidotes

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides

Specific Binding of a Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safener in Maize at a Site That Also Binds Thiocarbamate and Chloroacetanilide Herbicides

Potential safeners for protecting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against chlorsulfuron, fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim*

Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism

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