Potential safeners for protecting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) against chlorsulfuron, fluazifop‐butyl and sethoxydim*

Abstract

In greenhouse studies, the efficacy ofthe herbicide safeners NA(l,8-naphthalic anhydride), R-25788 (Af,Af-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), cyometrinil and CGA-92194 [Af-(l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxy)imino-benzeneaceto-nitrile] in protecting grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. 'Funk G623') against injury from pre-emergence or early post-emergence applications ofthe herbicides chlorsulfuron, fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim was examined. NA as a seed dressing at 0-5 or 10% (w/w) was the most effective ofthe four safeners and offered partial to good protection to sorghum against injury from the lower rates of pre-emergence applications of all three herbicides. R-25788 was totally ineffective as a sorghum protectant against fluazifop-butyl injury but it did antagonize partially the injurious effects of the lower rates of sethoxydim and chlorsulfuron on sorghum. Cyometrinil and CGA-92194 offered partial protection to sorghum against injury from the lowest rate of all herbicides but their efficacy against higher rates of the three herbicides was very limited. None ofthe four safeners was effective in protecting grain sorghum against injury from post-emergence applications of the three herbicides tested. • Plant Pathology and Physiology Department Contribution No. 492. Protectants potentiels pour le sorgho ('Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) contre le chlorsulfuron, le ftuazifop-butyle et le sethoxydime L'efficacite des protectants NA (1,8-anhydride naphthalique), R-25788 (A',Af-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), cyometrinile et CGA-92194 [N-(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)imino-benzeneacetonitrile] dans la protection du sorgho grain (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) var. 'Funk G623' contre le chlorsulfuron, le fluazifop butyle et le sethoxydime, en applications de prelevee ou de postlevee precoce, a ete etudiee en serre. Le NA 0,5 ou 1% (p/p), comme traitement de semences, s'est montre le plus efficace des quatre protectants et a fourni une assez bonne protection contre les degats resultant des doses inferieures des trois herbicides en prelevee. R-25788 s'est revele totalement inefficace comme protectant du sorgho contre fluazifop-butyle, mais il a pare en quelque sorte aux effets nefastes sur le sorgho provoques par de petites doses de sethoxydime et chlorsulfuron.Le cyometrinile et CGA-92194 ont fourni une protection partielle contre les degats provoques par les plus petites doses de tous les trois desherbants; contre les doses superieures, cependant, ils se sont reveles peu efficaces. Aucun des quatre protectants n'a fourni une protection efficace pour le sorgho grain contre les degats provoques par les trois desherbants en application de postlevee.

Influence of Crop Safeners on the Interaction of Primisulfuron and Terbufos in Corn (Zea mays)

“…The entire sample was combusted in a biological sample oxidizer 8 . Evolved 14 C0 2 was trapped in 7 ml of absorbent 9 and 13 ml of scintillation cocktail 10 . Radioactivity was quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry.…”

“…amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid} (3,10,13,15,17,19,22). Crop safeners have also been evaluated for reducing injury from the synergistic interaction of sulfonylurea herbicides and organophosphate insecticides in com (18,20).…”

Safening of Corn (Zea mays) from Clomazone Injury with Naphthalic Anhydride

“…Dichlormid (2,2-dichloro-A^^V-di-2-propenylacetamide) is used in conjunction with EPTC and butylate [S-ethyl bis(2methylpropyl)carbamothioate] as a component of the formulation of these herbicides and is highly specific to com (16). This antidote provides marginal protection to com from several other herbicides (8). NA has been shown to protect com from herbicides in the phenylcarbatnate, dithiocarbamate, chloroacetanilide, sul fonylurea, and cyclohexenone families (8,17).…”

“…This antidote provides marginal protection to com from several other herbicides (8). NA has been shown to protect com from herbicides in the phenylcarbatnate, dithiocarbamate, chloroacetanilide, sul fonylurea, and cyclohexenone families (8,17). More recently, NA has been reported to increase com toler ance to PRE and early POST applications of imazaquin {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-( 1 -methylethyl)-5-oxo-1Himidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid} (1).…”

Uptake and Phytotoxicity of the Herbicide Metsulfuron Methyl in Corn Root Tissue in the Presence of the Safener 1,8-Naphthalic Anhydride

“…The most successful protection reported is on corn and sorghum against thiocarbamate and acetanilide herbicide injury (1 1). Pretreating corn seeds with the herbicide safener NA significantly reduces injury caused by EPTC (6) and from pre-emergence application of chlorsulfuron (22,23); more recently, a NA-mediated protection against chlorsulfuron inhibition was shown in sorghum (12) and corn (10,21). In addition to work with chlorsulfuron, Mersie and Foy (18) have reported the safening of corn against MSM injury by seed dressing with NA.…”