Comparação de intervenções de promoção à saúde do trabalhador: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado por cluster

Abstract

-This study compared different strategies to improve occupational health and evaluated their impact on some quality of life domains (health, physical activity, occupational environment, and perception of quality of life). This cluster randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 172 men and women aged 26.10 ± 6.03 who worked in the administrative department of 4 companies. The interventions lasted three months. Employees in company A (EA) received workplace exercises (WE) and educational interventions (EI) (posters with healthcare and quality of life recommendations and computer messages); in Company B (EB), only WE; in company C (EC), only EI; and in company D (ED), employees formed a control group. A quality of life and health (QVS-80) questionnaire was used for all assessments. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare quality of life before and after interventions, and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05), for each quality of life domain. The scores for occupational environment increased in companies A and B (p <0.01), which suggests that WE may improve the occupational environment. Key words: Health promotion; Occupational health; Physical activity; Quality of life. Resumo -O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar diferentes intervenções de promoção à saúde do trabalhador e seu impacto nos domínios da qualidade de vida (Saúde, Atividade Física, Ambiente Ocupacional e Percepção da Qualidade de Vida). Foi conduzido um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado por cluster em 4 empresas com 172 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 26,10 ± 6,03, todos do setor administrativo. As intervenções tiveram duração de três meses. A Empresa A (EA) recebeu o exercício físico no local de trabalho [ginástica laboral (GL)] mais as intervenções educativas (IE: cartazes com recomendações de saúde e qualidade de vida e software computacional); a Empresa B (EB) recebeu a GL; os trabalhadores da Empresa C (EC) receberam a IE; a Empresa D (ED) foi o controle. As avaliações da qualidade de vida no trabalho ocorreram por meio do Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida e Saúde (QVS-80 28Comparison of worker's health promotion interventions Grande et al.

Qualidade de vida e atividade física em profi ssionais de terapia intensiva do sub médio São Francisco

“…In addition, health professionals of the ICUs in the sub-middle San Francisco region work more hours than the maximum limit of 44 hours per week established by the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT -Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho) (27) . It is a consensus that the practice of PA is directly related to health promotion and the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . The stressful routine in the ICU environment, where professionals work in a state of constant attention, living with suffering, pain and death, associated with working hours that often exceed labor laws regulations, low wages and lack of exercise can directly affect the health of these individuals, consequently affecting their QOL (3,(6)(7) .…”

“…Studies, especially in the nursing area, have shown that QOL is associated with the conditions offered in these locations (4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(12)(13) and, when coupled with a sedentary lifestyle, it can influence the health-disease process. A sedentary lifestyle, along with smoking and bad eating habits are risk factors for the development or worsening of NCDs (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . All professionals in this study had an average of over 55 hours per week.…”

“…The data presented here differ slightly from those presented in the National Survey by Household Sample (PNAD -Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios), which considered about 36% of the Brazilian population as active (30) . The practice of PA brings great benefits to the daily and professional activities of people, such as cognitive improvement, tackling stress, anxiety and depression, improvement of interpersonal relationships, as well as more energy and less fatigue throughout the working life (10)(11)17,(21)(22)(23) . When professionals were directly asked about the implementation of PA practice incentive programs, such as going to work by bicycle, 76.27% were in favor and 23.73% against, justifying the negative answer by distance, weather of the region or transportation to another job.…”

“…Although these health professionals know the benefits of PA, they are not able to adhere to an effective program due to lack of time or incentive (16,(20)(21)(22)(23) . Many still exchange their leisure time for work, leaving physical exercise practice in the background and becoming sedentary people.…”

Atividade física em trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Sul do Brasil: tendências temporais

“…Além de promover melhor qualidade de vida no ambiente de trabalho 2 , trabalhadores com ní-veis de atividade física mais elevados apresentam menor peso corporal, maior consumo de frutas e vegetais, menor consumo de tabaco e melhor bem-estar mental 3 . Nesse sentido, a área da atividade física e saúde vem pesquisando outras temáticas em saúde pública como a saúde do trabalhador 4,5,6 .…”