Compaction by a forest machine affects soil quality and Quercus robur L. seedling performance in an experimental field

Cambi, Martina; Hoshika, Yasutomo; Mariotti, Barbara; Paoletti, Elena; Picchio, Rodolfo; Venanzi, Rachele; Marchi, Enrico

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.045

Cited by 87 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, compaction influences the soil volumetric water content, hydraulic conductivity, air‐filled PO, and the gas diffusion rate (Currie, ). Effects have also been observed regarding soil biology and microarthropod biodiversity (Cambi et al, ; Cambi, Hoshika, et al, ; Cambi, Paffetti, et al, ; Venanzi, Picchio, & Piovesan, ). According to several factors (e.g., vehicle type, logging design, and local soil conditions), soil compaction may not be uniform within the logging area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few decades, scientists have begun investigating the effects of soil compaction on root morphological development; nevertheless, few studies have aimed to determine the effect of soil compaction on seedling development by comparing above‐ and below‐ground data (Cambi, Hoshika, et al, ; Gebauer & Martinková, ). According to Bengough and Mullins (), studies on the effect of soil compaction have followed two research lines: empirical measures of soil strength such as penetrometer resistance (Bengough et al, ) or the application of a known resistance to plants growing in an artificial medium compressed by a known pressure (Passioura, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of compaction on seedling development and root growth has been more widely investigated over the last two decades. However, most previous studies focused on data that were collected from the end of the first growing season or later (e.g., Cambi, Hoshika, et al, ; Jordan, Ponder, & Hubbard, ; Mósena & Dillenburg, ), that is, when the initial effects of compaction on very early growth can be confounded by later effects. Only two studies investigated the effect of soil compaction on very early growth, 40 and 76 days as indicated in research of Tworkoski, Burger, and Smith () and Kormanek, Głąb, Banach, and Szewczyk (), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mediterranean Quercus species, which develop a deep taproot during early growth stages, it was observed that a well-developed root system is a key factor for overcoming summer drought (Cubera, Moreno, & Solla, 2009;Tsakaldimi, Zagas, Tsitsoni, & Ganatsas, 2005). Early, rapid establishment is also important for a forest understory to take advantage of transitory available resources (Jones, Allen, & Sharitz, 1997) In the last few decades, scientists have begun investigating the effects of soil compaction on root morphological development; nevertheless, few studies have aimed to determine the effect of soil compaction on seedling development by comparing aboveand below-ground data (Cambi, Hoshika, et al, 2017;Gebauer & Martinková, 2005). According to Bengough and Mullins (1991), studies on the effect of soil compaction have followed two research lines: empirical measures of soil strength such as penetrometer resistance (Bengough et al, 2011) or the application of a known resistance to plants growing in an artificial medium compressed by a known pressure (Passioura, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Penetrometer measurements have indicated that the critical value for root growth is approximately 2 MPa (Gebauer & Martinková, 2005;Kozlowski, 1999). However, several authors have reported a negative influence on plant growth and mechanical impedance when penetration resistance values exceed 2.5 MPa (Blouin, Schmidt, Bulmer, & Krzic, 2008;Cambi, Hoshika, et al, 2017;Mancilla-Leytón, Leiva, & Martín, 2016;Smith & Du Toit, 2005).…”

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Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

et al. 2018

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Logging operations using heavy machinery effect changes in soil characteristics due to compaction; such conditions can negatively influence seedling development. In stands managed on the basis of close‐to‐nature silviculture or continuous cover forestry, successful establishment of natural regeneration after logging is important to ensure the proper functioning of a forest ecosystem, to promote soil recovery, and to prevent and mitigate land degradation processes (such as soil erosion, mudflow, waterlogging, and landslides) related to soil compaction and rutting. This work aimed to assess the early response of Quercus robur seedlings to soil compaction during the first 1.5 months after germination. The study was carried out in a controlled environment using 8 L containers filled with natural alluvial soil. Three levels of soil compaction were applied in a laboratory using a compression‐testing machine placed on the top surface of the soil in the containers. The morphological traits of the seedling shoot and root systems were analysed to compare 3 compaction levels. There were significant differences in seedling traits among the treatments, and they indicated that increasing levels of compaction reduced early seedling growth after emergence. Compaction had a larger impact on the root system, particularly the development at depth (root system depth, and main root length), compared with the shoot system. Our results suggest that compaction affects seedling root system growth following the first growth stages after germination; thus, compaction represents an additional critical factor for seedling establishment, particularly in environments where early growth is crucial for overcoming the dry season.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

et al. 2018

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Assessment of soil compaction and rutting in managed forests through an airborne LiDAR technique

et al. 2022

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To ensure sustainable forest management, the assessment and monitoring of soil compaction and rutting are essential. Here, we used airborne light detection and ranging‐derived digital terrain model (LiDAR‐derived DTM), available for the forest of Compiègne in northern France, to compute a spatial index of soil rutting. Following an environmental systematic sampling design, we selected 45 plots representative of the forest stand conditions where we subsequently extracted information from the DTM to compute the cumulative length of ruts (CLR). To assess the quality of this LiDAR‐derived index, we related the CLR index to in‐situ soil and vegetation parameters such as soil texture, soil pH, and understory plant species composition. Floristic surveys were carried out across all 45 plots to generate plant species response curves along the CLR gradient. We found soil texture, soil type, and soil pH to be important determinants of CLR. For instance, CLR was the highest in soils with the highest clay content. A total of 22 out of the 94 understory plant species we analyzed showed a significant response curve along the CLR gradient. Most important, the occurrence probability of species associated with wet soils and stagnant waters (e.g., Juncus effusus), like those found in ruts, increased with CLR. Other species associated with dry soils (e.g., Hedera helix) showed a negative response curve along the CLR gradient. In conclusion, the proposed index (CLR) has proven useful to remotely assess soil compaction and rutting after logging operations.

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Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

Kiumarsi,

Jourgholami,

Jafari

et al. 2024

Land Degrad Dev

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Among the various species of trees, black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the most commonly used trees for the reforestation and restoration programs of degraded forestlands in the Hyrcanian forest, particularly in the skid trails. The effects of reforestation with black alder on the recovery of litter (thickness, C, N, C/N) and soil physicochemical, biochemical, biological, and microbial properties in the skid trails with three levels of compactions were examined over a 27‐year period. Results showed that the litter characteristics such as thickness, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and C/N were at the highest level in low intensity traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent intensities. Results showed that the values of total porosity, macroporosity, aggregate stability, silt, and clay were at the lowest level in the natural stand. The highest values of soil pH, C, C/N ratio, and C storage were recorded under the skid trail with frequent machine passages. The restoration values of soil physical and chemical properties were significantly higher in the low level of machine traffic after a period of 27 years where black alder reforestation was performed on the skid trails, as compared to the medium and frequent machine traffic levels, as well as the undisturbed area. Black alder litter affected soil nitrogen and the maximum amounts of earthworm density and dry mass. This also includes fine root biomass. These data were recorded in the trails with low machine traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent traffic. The results clearly showed that black alder is effective in reaching the objectives of restoration programs, given that it promotes soil organic matter, builds up soil structure via root‐soil feedback, and improves the soil by creating a major source of nitrogen through enhancing the nitrogen cycle.

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Compaction by a forest machine affects soil quality and Quercus robur L. seedling performance in an experimental field

Cited by 87 publications

References 80 publications

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

Assessment of soil compaction and rutting in managed forests through an airborne LiDAR technique

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

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Compaction by a forest machine affects soil quality and Quercus robur L. seedling performance in an experimental field

Cited by 87 publications

References 80 publications

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination

Assessment of soil compaction and rutting in managed forests through an airborne LiDAR technique

Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N2‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)

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Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N₂‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)