Compact, omni-directional, circularly-polarized mm-Wave antenna for device-to-device (D2D) communications in future 5G cellular systems

Abstract

Abstract-A simple, compact, omni-directional, circularlypolarized (CP) millimeter-wave antenna for Device-to-Device (D2D) communications in the next generation (5G) cellular systems is reported. It is a CP omni-directional antenna operating at 28 GHz for mobile terminals. The antenna combines a vertical electric monopole element with four magnetic elements to coherently excite parallel electric and magnetic dipoles. This combination generates the omni-directional CP radiation. The overlapping -10-dB impedance and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is from 27 to 28.5 GHz, which covers the 28 GHz frequency band proposed for 5G mobile cellular networks (i.e., from 27.5 to 28.35 GHz). The antenna has an omni-directional radiation pattern at 28 GHz whose peak realized RHCP gain is 2.08 dBic and whose 3-dB AR beamwidth is wide, from elevation angles 3° to 136°. Mass production of the antenna is possible by PCB manufacturing technologies. The overall size is 3.44 mm × 3.44 mm × 1 mm (ka = 1.1017). Consequently, it could be embedded in many current popular, smart wireless devices such as cell phones, laptops, digital watches, and smart glasses as well as their future versions for operation in 5G cellular networks.

A broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna for millimeter‐wave short range 5G wireless communication

“…The main features and performances of the proposed inverted‐L grounded stub loaded horizontal T‐shaped monopole antenna with other referenced different types of mm‐Wave CP antennas, as shown in Table 7. As per the author's knowledge, the proposed antenna featured simple geometry, broadband impedance and AR bandwidths along with dual sense polarization as compared to referenced diverse categories of complex geometries mm‐Wave CP antennas in References 21‐29 except gain in References 23‐28 considering mainly array and waveguide configurations. In References 21, 24, and 29 the size of the antenna is small but gain, impedance and AR bandwidths are also small as compared to proposed antenna except 24 .…”

“…The CP response can be tuned through changing the parameter of inverted‐L grounded stub and deformed T‐shaped patch. In addition, the major advantages of the proposed work in comparison of cited references 21‐29 are as follows: It is a simply structured and single layer antenna, which make it easy to fabricate and integrate into circuit board. It has the widest measured AR bandwidth of 13.67% and impedance bandwidth of 27.9% along with the dual sense polarization capability and flat gain response over operating bandwidth at mm‐Wave frequency range. …”

“…A SIW antenna array, 25 the FSS based structure, 26 the waveguide antenna, 27 the slotted SIW cavity antenna 28 and the patch antenna 29 are studied for CP response. Although, the main demerits of the reported diverse categories antenna structures in References 21‐29 are complex geometries, narrow impedance and AR bandwidths. So, the design of antenna having simple geometrical structure, broadband CP bandwidth and dual sense polarization is a vital research area in the present scenario to cover mm‐Wave 5G applications.…”

“…[8][9][10] For generating single−/dual-band CP and broaden the AR bandwidth, the various techniques for instance parasitic patches, moon shaped, meandered-shaped, hook-shaped, cross-dipole, deformed ground, and T-shaped feed lines have been elaborated in slot and monopole antennas. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Furthermore, the electric monopole with four magnetic elements 21 and waveguide slot 22 omnidirectional antennas has been reported for generation of CP to cover device-to-device (D2D) future 5G and Ka-band applications. Moreover, single-layer series-fed surface-integrated-waveguide (SIW), 23 and inverted-L sleeve loaded C-shaped microstrip array 24 antennas for CP response has been presented to include Ka-band and high-band 5G applications.…”

Planar Sub-Millimeter-Wave Array Antenna With Enhanced Gain and Reduced Sidelobes for 5G Broadcast Applications

“…To the best of the authors' knowledge, very few mm-wave array antennas with the omni-directional radiation pattern in horizontal plane have ever been reported. In [19], a circular polarization omni-directional antenna element is proposed for 5G applications. But it suffers from limited bandwidth (27-28.5 GHz) and complex geometry.…”