Compact MIMO antenna using dual-band for fifth-generation mobile communication system

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for a fifth-generation (5G) smartphone that will work in dual-band. The antenna proposed in this work operates at 2 frequency ranges, i.e., (3300-3600) MHz and (4800-5000) MHz. The antenna design consists of four antennas that are placed perpendicular to the edge of the system and this makes it different from the traditional 5G antennas. The area of each antenna on the side frames is (3.9×17 mm), and hence can be used in ultra-thin smartphones for 5G applications. The reflection coefficient obtained in the simulations is less than -6 dB for the required band, which suggests that the required impedance matching is obtained. The antenna proposed is designed by using central time zone (CST) microwave studio.

Novel evaluation framework for sensing spread spectrum in cognitive radio

“…The proposed system formulates two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is formulated with a different set of attributes, e.g., sample collection duration d, the number of samples N, and white noise Φ such that (1).…”

“…The mobile communication standards have evolved by the technological inclusions like global system for mobile communication (GSM), wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and mm-waves as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, respectively [1], [2]. Typically, the 5G operates between 30 to 300 GHz bandwidth to exploit unused spectrum to cater to the need of the future generation applications based on cyber-physical systems or the internet of things to provide adequate data transfer rate [3].…”

Microstrip antenna optimization using evolutionary algorithms

“…The offspring obtained from crossover is mutated. A maximum of 5 bits are mutated in this process [31], [32]. The resonant frequency and return loss are found for a new generation and cost function is evaluated.…”

Design of a novel compact low specific absorption rate multiple input multiple output antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz terminals

“…Consequently, using a single antenna cannot ensure the requirements of 5G technology, so the use of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is necessary. Low-order MIMO antenna systems, such as 2×2 and 4×4, are quite popular for the current generation of 4G mobile phones [5]- [7]. However, these specifications cannot be met using low-order MIMO antenna systems.…”