Compact Layers of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Fabricated via the Aerosol Deposition Process—Uncoupling Material Synthesis and Layer Formation

Panzer, Fabian; Hanft, Dominik; Gujar, T.P.; Kahle, Frank‐Julian; Thelakkat, Mukundan; Köhler, Anna; Moos, Ralf

doi:10.3390/ma9040277

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Scheme of aerosol deposition system at the Department of Functional Materials, University of Bayreuth, modified after Panzer et al [18]. The inset shows impacting particles in the aerosol jet and already deposited particle fragments on the substrate.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Dense Thick Films of Lunar Regolith Simulant EAC-1 at Room Temperature

et al. 2019

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The Aerosol Deposition (AD, also known as gas kinetic spraying or vacuum deposition) method is a rather novel coating process to produce dense thick films directly from dry ceramic (or metal) powders on a variety of substrates without any heat treatment. Because of the similarity of the up to now used powders and lunar regolith, it is imaginable to use AD systems for future in situ resource utilization missions on the Moon planned by several space agencies. To test the feasibility of such an endeavor, the processability of lunar mare simulant EAC-1 by the AD method has been examined in this study. Three regolith films with an area of 25 × 10 mm2, and thicknesses between 2.50 µm and 5.36 µm have been deposited on steel substrates using a standard AD setup. Deposited films have been investigated by Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the roughness and Vickers hardness of the deposited films and the underlying substrates have been measured. It has been shown that dense consolidated films of regolith simulant can be produced within minutes by AD. The deposited films show a higher roughness and, on average, a higher hardness than the steel substrates. Since on the Moon, naturally available regolith powders are abundant and very dry, and since the required process vacuum is available, AD appears to be a very promising method for producing dense coatings in future Moon exploration and utilization missions.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing Dense Thick Films of Lunar Regolith Simulant EAC-1 at Room Temperature

et al. 2019

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“…This simple and low‐cost film growth method provides excellent controllability and repeatability for batch processing, which has been regarded as a cost‐effective road for fabricating high‐quality perovskites. Subsequently, an array of CVD techniques, such as in situ tubular CVD (ITCVD), one‐step tubular CVD, aerosol‐assisted CVD (AACVD), hybrid physical‐chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD), modified chemical vapor transport (mCVT), and so on, are consecutively invented, and remarkable achievements of PSCs by CVD method have been made. The highest PCE is approaching 19%; while stable and large‐area perovskites have been achieved by Qi and our group .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perovskites for Photovoltaic Application

Luo

Zhou

Xia

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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just a couple of years, suggesting a bright future for PV application. [15][16][17] To date, a number of processing technologies have been developed to fabricate perovskites, such as solution process, [2,3,[18][19][20][21] thermal evaporation, [22,23] flash evaporation, [24] atomic layer deposition (ALD), [25] doctor-blade coating, [26] slot-die coating, [27] spray deposition, [28] and ink-jet printing, [29] etc. Among various approaches, the most studied solution method not only achieves highly efficient PSCs but also owns cost advantage. However, the uncontrolled over-rapid liquid reaction often generates rough and porous films with incomplete conversions, resulting in large variations on film morphology and PV response. [18][19][20][21] Inversely, thermal evaporation can generate high-quality films with smooth and pinhole-free morphologies, in which the moderate gas-phase reaction characteristic effectively relieves the reaction rate. Nevertheless, there are a few of disadvantages in vacuum process, for instance, low material utilization, high equipment investment and energy consumption, hampering its further application. [22][23][24][25] The rest technologies often produce poor film quality, and are also difficult to scale up. [26][27][28][29] Therefore, development of a new class of advanced fabrication technology shall be critical for the future commercialization of PSCs.In 2013, a radically different technology, that is, vapor-assisted solution process (VASP), is invented by Yang and coworkers. [30] This method combines the advantages of gas-phase deposition and solution process. Concretely speaking, PbI 2 films are first spin-coated as the precursors, and then reacted with MAI vapor in a closed room. The attraction of this work is that film growth via in situ gas-solid (G-S) reaction, which is considered as a fruitful way for preparing perovskites. Subsequently, similar G-S crystallization and other modified VASP approaches are reported. [31][32][33] However, VASP methods require manipulations in glove box or protecting atmosphere, and show poor controllability and versatility, unsuitable for their mass production. Soon after, as an evolution of VASP, more convenient tubular CVD technology is successively developed by independent groups. [34][35][36] This simple and low-cost film growth method provides excellent controllability and repeatability for batch processing, which has been regarded as a cost-effective road for fabricating high-quality perovskites. Subsequently, an array of CVD techniques, such as in situ tubular CVD (ITCVD), [37] one-step tubular CVD, [38] aerosol-assisted CVD (AACVD), [39][40][41][42] hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD), [43] modified chemical vapor transport (mCVT), [44] and so on, are consecutively invented, and remarkable achievements of PSCs by In recent years, high-efficient and low-cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have triggered a strong interest in the photovoltaic (PV) field. However, it is still challenging to develop cost-effective perovskite fabricatio...

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“…It is the key element in a reliable process and the main influencing factor in ensuring continuous progress towards industrialization. Few works, however, are dedicated specifically to this topic [1]; generally, schematic setups are presented [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In most cases, aerosol generators use the fluidized bed principle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the powder reservoir is vibrated and flushed by carrier gas to achieve a fluidized bed [6,7,8,9]. Particles and agglomerates of the powder are extracted into the aerosol state and transferred to the deposition chamber [5,9,10,11,12]. One has to take into account that the amount and state of the powder and the size of the distribution in the powder reservoir will change with time through continuous extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aerosol Deposition Method: A Modified Aerosol Generation Unit to Improve Coating Quality

et al. 2018

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Owing to its ability to produce dense thick-films at room temperature directly from a ceramic powder, the Aerosol Deposition Method (AD) possesses a unique feature in ceramics processing. For this technology, the aerosol generation of particles is a decisive part of reliable process control. However, there has only been a small amount of work published addressing this topic. In this work, we compare the aerosolization and deposition behavior of a fluidized bed generator with an aerosol generator with the rotary brush principle. While film properties very much depend on deposition time for the fluidized bed generator, films produced with the brush generator show a constant film profile, and their film thickness correlates with the controllable aerosol concentration and the duration of deposition. This type of aerosol generation may improve the setup towards a more reliable AD process.

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Compact Layers of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Fabricated via the Aerosol Deposition Process—Uncoupling Material Synthesis and Layer Formation

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Manufacturing Dense Thick Films of Lunar Regolith Simulant EAC-1 at Room Temperature

Manufacturing Dense Thick Films of Lunar Regolith Simulant EAC-1 at Room Temperature

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perovskites for Photovoltaic Application

The Aerosol Deposition Method: A Modified Aerosol Generation Unit to Improve Coating Quality

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