Comorbidity in Childhood Anxiety Disorders and Treatment Outcome

Kendall, Philip C.; Brady, Erika U.; Verduin, Timothy L.

doi:10.1097/00004583-200107000-00013

Cited by 245 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Some conditions and habits, such as bruxism, nail biting, and nonnutritive sucking are common in children, and these may contribute to the TMD manifestation. 6 Depression and anxiety are also considered as risk factors, 7 and individuals affected by these disorders may experience negative impacts on their social and emotional welfare, general well-being, and academic performance, 8 which may activate their physiological stress systems. 1 Anxiety is defined as a persistent anticipation or apprehension regarding one or more situations to which a person is exposed; 9 herein, it is essential to differentiate between the state anxiety, which is a transitory and emotional condition, and trait anxiety, which is a stable personality characteristics of the potential for manifesting state anxiety.…”

Section: And Limitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary stress biomarkers and anxiety symptoms in children with and without temporomandibular disorders

et al. 2017

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The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which are considered as a heterogeneous group of psychophysiological disturbances, remains a controversial issue in clinical dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate whether the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), cortisol levels, and anxiety symptoms differ between children with and without TMD. Initially, 316 young subjects were screened in public schools (nonreferred sample); 76 subjects aged 7-14 years were selected and comprised the TMD and control groups with 38 subjects each matched by sex, age, and the presence/absence of sleep bruxism. Four saliva samples were collected: upon waking, 30 min and 1 h after awakening (fasting), and at night (at 8 PM) on 2 alternate days to examine the diurnal profiles of cortisol and sAA. Anxiety symptoms were screened using the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-Brazilian version). Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's t-test/Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation tests were used for data analysis. No significant differences were observed in the salivary cortisol area under the curve (AUC G mean ± SD = 90.22 ± 63.36 × 94.21 ± 63.13 µg/dL/min) and sAA AUC G (mean ± SD = 2544.52 ± 2142.00 × 2054.03 ± 1046.89 U/mL/min) between the TMD and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05); however, the clinical groups differed in social anxiety domain (t = 3.759; CI = 2.609, 8.496), separation/panic (t = 2.243; CI = 0.309, 5.217), physical symptoms (U = 433.500), and MASC total score (t = −3.527; CI = −23.062, −6.412), with a power of the test >80% and large effect size (d = 0.80), with no significant correlation between the MASC total score, cortisol, and sAA levels. Although children with TMD scored higher in anxiety symptoms, no difference was observed in the salivary stress biomarkers between children with and without TMD.

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Section: And Limitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary stress biomarkers and anxiety symptoms in children with and without temporomandibular disorders

et al. 2017

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“…, somatic , withdrawn , social , attention , thought) except for anxiety and depression . This finding is consistent with past research showing that children referred to an anxiety clinic may not necessarily only be restricted to "pure" classes of anxiety and instead may demonstrate comorbidity with internalizing and/or externalizing problems (Saavedra & Silverman , 2002;Kendall , Brady , & Verduin , 2001;Last , Strauss , & Francis , 19 87;Strauss , Last , Hersen , & Kazdin , 1988).…”

Section: Concurrent Covariatessupporting

confidence: 90%

Latent class analysis of co-occuring symptoms in a sample of youth referred for anxiety disorders

Dahan¹

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“…16,17 Furthermore, studies have not accounted for the impact of having multiple anxiety disorders, a common occurrence for children with ADHD. 18,19 It is unknown whether functioning is only comprised when more pervasive levels of anxiety are present.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Up to 50% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) meet criteria for a comorbid anxiety disorder. Despite the high prevalence of anxiety in these children, the impact of anxiety on the lives of children with ADHD has been largely overlooked.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Presence of $2 anxiety comorbidities in children with ADHD was associated with poorer child quality of life, daily functioning, and behavior. Multiple anxiety comorbidities were associated with poorer functioning for children with both ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined presentation. abstract OBJECTIVES: Although anxiety is common in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is unclear how anxiety influences the lives of these children. This study examined the association between anxiety comorbidities and functioning by comparing children with ADHD and no, 1, or $2 anxiety comorbidities. Differential associations were examined by current ADHD presentation (subtype). METHODS:Children with diagnostically confirmed ADHD (N = 392; 5-13 years) were recruited via 21 pediatrician practices across Victoria, Australia. Anxiety was assessed by using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Functional measures included parentreported: quality of life (QoL; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0), behavior and peer problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), daily functioning (Daily Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior), and school attendance. Teacher-reported behavior and peer problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were also examined. Linear and logistic regression controlled for ADHD severity, medication use, comorbidities, and demographic factors. RESULTS:Children with $2 anxiety comorbidities (n = 143; 39%) had poorer QoL (effect size: -0.8) and more difficulties with behavior (effect size: 0.4) and daily functioning (effect size: 0.3) than children without anxiety (n = 132; 36%). Poorer functioning was not observed for children with 1 anxiety comorbidity (n = 95; 26%). Two or more anxiety comorbidities were associated with poorer functioning for children with both ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined presentation. CONCLUSIONS:Children with ADHD demonstrate poorer QoL, daily functioning and behavior when $2 anxiety comorbidities are present. Future research should examine whether treating anxiety in children with ADHD improves functional outcomes. Pediatrics 2014;133:801-808

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Comorbidity in Childhood Anxiety Disorders and Treatment Outcome

Cited by 245 publications

References 44 publications

Salivary stress biomarkers and anxiety symptoms in children with and without temporomandibular disorders

Salivary stress biomarkers and anxiety symptoms in children with and without temporomandibular disorders

Latent class analysis of co-occuring symptoms in a sample of youth referred for anxiety disorders

Anxiety in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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