Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: prevalence, explanatory theories, and clinical characterization

Frías, Álvaro; Palma, C.; Farriols, Núria; González, Laura

doi:10.2147/ndt.s67636

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…Genetics and environmental influences: past studies found high rates of both disorders among first degree relatives of patients with either OCD or BDD. They also found a high prevalence of other mental health disorders such as social phobia, depression, and eating disorders in these families [25]. A genetic study (n = 2,148) of adult twins found the common traits in OCD and BDD are due to genetic overlap of 64% in these two disorders [26].…”

Section: Comorbid Ocd and Bddmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychiatric Comorbidities and the Risk of Suicide in Obsessive-Compulsive and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Eskander

Limbana

Khan

2020

Cureus

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that is characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are uncontrollable distressful thoughts. Compulsions are recurrent behaviors or thoughts performed in an attempt to decrease the anxiety of the obsessions. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder characterized by a distressful preoccupation with a perceived defect in appearance. The perceived flaw in appearance is minimal or unnoticed by others. BDD was considered an anxiety disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). In the DSM-V, it was added to the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category. The objective of this literature review was to explore the psychiatric comorbidities and the risk of suicide associated with OCD and BDD. Our study results showed OCD and BDD share common genetic and environmental risk factors, clinical features, and sociodemographic profiles. Both OCD and BDD are related disorders that commonly coexist. The suicide risk in OCD is increased as the intensity of the obsessions, trait perfectionism, and alexithymia increases. The suicide risk in BDD is increased by the presence of other disorders such as substance use disorder, major depressive disorder, eating and personality disorders. People with comorbid OCD-BDD have high morbidity, a decrease in insight and poor psychosocial functions. They have higher rates of anxiety, schizotypal features, and suicidal ideation compared to those with BDD or OCD alone.

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Section: Comorbid Ocd and Bddmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychiatric Comorbidities and the Risk of Suicide in Obsessive-Compulsive and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Eskander

Limbana

Khan

2020

Cureus

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“…Comparing the existence of comorbidities in BDD with OCD, the rates were 27.5% and 10.4%. Both conditions presented SAD and severe depression (major depression) as the main comorbidities [72]. The association of BDD cases with psychiatric internment is estimated in 14% of the cases, while the suicide attempts are present in [22][23][24][25][26][27].5% of the cases [14,70,73].…”

Section: Prevalence Comorbidities Influencing Factors and Associatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It starts always gradually and its development is related with low quality of life; however, there is no evidence of any difference of quality of life or functional loss between patients in which the disorder started early or later in life [68]. Although, depending of the history of life of the individual, the outcome of the disorder can be suicidal or other comorbidity even more severe than BDD [58,72], the majority of BDD patients have suicidal ideas (80%), and a considerable percentage of them have already presented suicidal attempts (24%) [60,69]. Among American population, it has been noticed that suicide rates are 45 times larger in BDD patients when related to the rest of the population.…”

Section: Prevalence Comorbidities Influencing Factors and Associatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Characteristics, Psychopathology, Clinical Associations, and Influencing Factors

Soler¹,

Ferreira²,

Novaes³

et al. 2018

Pathophysiology - Altered Physiological States

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined by a recurring and persistent concern characterized by psychic suffering caused by a possible physical imperfection in appearance. It is a severe psychiatric condition, duly confirmed by neuroanatomical findings, very peculiar repetitive behaviors, and specific personalities. The prevalence of BDD is increasing around the world and differs between countries, because of cultural differences and different health-care systems. This increase is worrying because BDD is a pathology that presents comorbidity like severe depression, suicidal ideation, and functional and social impairment. However, BDD is an unrecognized and often not diagnosed in our society. Many patients are ashamed of their complaints and do not usually seek psychiatric help with ease, and unfortunately, they seek help in cosmetic and surgical treatments to improve their appearance, and these professionals are not yet prepared to assist in the diagnosis of this disorder. Therefore, this chapter presents not only the psychopathology of BDD but also its associations with other pathologies and their main factors of influence. Finally, we present a clinical experience with a detailed description of a clinical case. The aim is to contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology and also to future research that may benefit society and these patients.

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“…The perceived physical defect may be vague or specific and involves one or multiple parts of the body. There is a high comorbidity rate between BDD and OCD, ranging from 8 to 37% lifetime rates in select studies [ 6 ]. The recurrent thoughts about physical defects and repetitive behavior (e.g., viewing oneself in a mirror or ‘self-surgery’) found in patients with BDD may resemble the characteristics of OCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of the Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders

et al. 2018

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Currently, all second-generation antipsychotics are approved for schizophrenia. Many are also approved for bipolar disorder, with some also approved as adjunctive treatment for depression and autism-related irritability. Second-generation antipsychotics are increasingly being prescribed for indications other than those approved by the Food and Drug Administration, such as in dementia, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder to name a few. Obsessive–compulsive and related disorders are a group of disorders characterized by preoccupation and repetitive behaviors. According to the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, hoarding disorder, and excoriation, the latter two being newly designated disorders, fall under obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. Due to a lack of well designed clinical studies specifically addressing the use of second-generation antipsychotics in obsessive–compulsive and related disorders, it is unknown whether these agents are clinically beneficial. Current research describing the pathophysiology of these disorders shows the involvement of similar brain regions and neurotransmitters across the five obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. Despite differences in the receptor binding profiles, second-generation antipsychotics share many common pharmacodynamics properties. This review sought to examine all the published reports of second-generation antipsychotics being used in the management of symptoms of the aforementioned diseases and compile evidence for clinicians who encounter patients who are unresponsive to standard treatment.

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Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: prevalence, explanatory theories, and clinical characterization

Cited by 33 publications

References 61 publications

Psychiatric Comorbidities and the Risk of Suicide in Obsessive-Compulsive and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Psychiatric Comorbidities and the Risk of Suicide in Obsessive-Compulsive and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Characteristics, Psychopathology, Clinical Associations, and Influencing Factors

Critical Review of the Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders

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