Comorbidities of dry eye disease: a nationwide population‐based study

Abstract

. Purpose: To investigate the comorbidities of dry eye disease in a nationwide population‐based data in Taiwan. Methods: This study features a study group and a comparison group. The study group comprised 12 007 patients who sought ambulatory care for treatment of dry eye in 2005 and 2006. In total, 36 021 randomly selected patients were in the comparison group. Conditional logistic regression analyses conditioned on gender, age, monthly income and level of urbanization of the community in which the patient resided were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for each of 33 comorbidities among patients with and without dry eye disease. Results: The regression analyses revealed that compared to patients without dry eye disease, patients with dry eye disease were more likely to have comorbidities of ischaemic heart disease (OR = 1.36), hyperlipidaemia (OR = 1.68), cardiac arrhythmias (OR = 1.55), peripheral vascular disorders (OR = 1.57), stroke (OR = 1.31), migraines (OR = 1.76), myasthenia gravis (OR = 2.85), RA (OR = 2.86), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 3.98), asthma (OR = 1.25), pulmonary circulation disorders (OR = 1.37), diabetes with complications (OR = 1.31), hypothyroidism (OR = 1.94), liver diseases (OR = 1.71), peptic ulcers (OR = 1.76), hepatitis B (OR = 1.64), deficiency anaemias (OR = 1.31), depression (OR = 2.11), psychoses (OR = 1.87) and solid tumours without metastasis (OR = 1.41). Conclusions: This study demonstrates significantly higher prevalence of medical comorbidities in patients with dry eye disease in Taiwan.

Dry Eye Disease Is Associated with Deterioration of Mental Health in Male Japanese University Staff

“…This agrees with previous studies in which DED had a negative effect on mental health (Mertzanis et al 2005;Galor et al 2011;Kim et al 2011;Le et al 2012;Li et al 2012;Wang et al 2012;Sakane et al 2013). The study on a non-clinic-based population in China showed lower QOL for mental health in subjects with DED (Le et al 2012).…”

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has ever examined the relationship between DED and QOL in non-clinic-based subjects in Japan, whereas DED has been reported to be related to poor QOL and depression in a general population in other countries (Galor et al 2011;Le et al 2012;Wang et al 2012). The major purpose of the present study is, therefore, clarify the relationship between DED and QOL in non-clinic-based Japanese subjects.…”

“…In a survey of the general population aged ≥ 65 years in Korea, the DED Group had a higher rate of depression compared with the Non-DED Group (Kim et al 2011). Wang et al (2012) demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of comorbidity in patients with depression and DED in Taiwan. Thus, it seems that even a small degree of ocular discomfort or loss of vision due to DED significantly affects mental health in the general population.…”

Diet, nutraceuticals and the tear film

“…Indirect proof of an association between hypercholesterolemia and the tear lipidome is provided by the reported cases of "jelly-bump" lipid contact lens deposits in patients with elevated intakes of protein, alcohol and cholesterol (Hart et al, 1987(Hart et al, , 1986. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with dry eye in the Beaver Dam Eye Study (Moss et al, 2000) and in the Taiwan nationwide populationbased survey (Wang et al, 2012). A retrospective case-control study in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction identified dislipidemia as a positive risk factor; surprisingly, elevated HDL contributed the most risk for meibomian gland dysfunction (Dao et al, 2010).…”

Methods for detection of dry eye in critically ill patients: An Integrative Review

“…Based on OSDI score, the ocular surface is defined as normal (0-12), mild (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), moderate (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), or severe (33-100) [44]. It is noteworthy that although the OSDI is not routinely used in clinical practice, it has been shown to be valid and reliable to quantify the impact of dry eye on the quality of life [44].…”