“…Reports on upstream interventions in many cities in both developed and developing countries, including Ghent, Hamburg, Helsinki, Madrid, Bogota, Brussels, Chengdu, Hyderabad, Salaya, Putrajaya, and Milan, urge the public to reduce their private car and motorcycle trip through policies set by the health ministry, transportation ministry and local governments. This can be done by engaging in any of the active travel modes (i.e., walking, cycling and public transportation) to increase health benefits, reduce traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure to provide a seamless and accessible (i.e., affordable and universally designed) travel experience (Fraszczyk et al, 2019;Hashim et al, 2017;Thondoo et al, 2020). Despite resistance and a slow response from the public, the outbreak of COVID-19 has shown that an extreme reduction in motorization can become a reality (Thondoo et al, 2020).…”