Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity.

Armstrong, Tonya D.; Costello, E. Jane

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.6.1224

Cited by 568 publications

(486 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…These findings were not anticipated, because there is an established association between adolescent psychopathology, including internalizing disorders such as depression, and an earlier onset of substance use. 34 Although this finding may reflect inadequate power for the sample size in the recurrent depression group (1.64% of the sample fell into group 5), it may also reflect differences in adolescent outcomes associated with varied timing of exposure to or severity of maternal depressive symptoms. The children exposed to recurrent maternal depression were exposed to more severe depressive symptoms, which may have had effects different from those of midchildhood exposure followed by remittance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Childhood and Risky Adolescent Health Behaviors

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVE: Maternal depression is a risk factor for adolescent depression; however, the effect of childhood exposure to maternal depression on adolescent engagement in health risk behaviors (eg, substance use, delinquency) is unclear. METHODS:We examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms (child's age 4-15) and engagement in health risk behaviors at age 16 to 17 by using data from 2910 mother-youth pairs in a nationally representative prospective Canadian cohort. Maternal depressive trajectories were estimated through finite mixture modeling, and multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and engagement in various health risk behaviors (linear regression) and age of debut of various behaviors (Cox regression).RESULTS: Five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were found: recurrent maternal symptoms, midchildhood exposure to maternal symptoms, adolescent exposure to maternal symptoms, mild maternal symptoms, and low symptoms. Adolescents exposed to maternal depressive symptoms during middle childhood were more likely to use common substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana), engage in violent and nonviolent delinquent behavior, and have an earlier debut ages of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and hallucinogen use. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that exposure to maternal depressive symptoms, particularly in middle childhood, is associated with greater and earlier engagement in health risk behaviors. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Maternal depression has been associated with adolescent engagement in risky behaviors such as substance use. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research examining timing-specific effects in this relationship. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:The results of this study indicate that youth exposed to increasing levels of maternal depressive symptoms in middle childhood are more likely to engage in substance use and delinquent behaviors and have an earlier debut age of these behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Childhood and Risky Adolescent Health Behaviors

et al. 2015

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“…-Podría deberse a una alteración o vulnerabilidad previa al inicio del consumo, relacionada con alteraciones de los circuitos monoaminérgicos frontoestriatales, que podría asociarse tanto a trastornos de conducta del espectro exteriorizante (trastorno de conducta, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad), como al deterioro de los procesos de toma de decisiones (Armstrong y Costello, 2002;Modestin, Matutat y Würmle, 2001) -Podría tratarse de un efecto de la neurotoxicidad de las drogas, que ejercería un deterioro funcional a partir de un determinado umbral de consumo. Las drogas pueden provocar alteraciones perdurables de los sistemas monoaminérgicos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Toma de decisiones en pacientes drogodependientes

Valladares

Bailén²

2011

Adicciones

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Introduction. The somatic marker hypothesis proposes that certain body signals guide decision-making processes in an adaptive direction. To see the influence of these markers on decision-making we used the Iowa Gambling Task, through which several studies have shown impaired decision-making in drug-dependent patients. Objective. To assess the performance of a sample of drug-dependent patients in a task that is sensitive to the measurement of decision-making process, so as to see whether there are significant alterations, and to compare the performance of these patients with that of non-users (in the normal and inverted versions). Method. The sample consisted of 66 people (33 addicts and 33 control participants). We used a semi-structured interview on socio-demographic variables and two versions of the "Cartas" task, a computerised version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Result. Significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups in execution of the normal task, but not of the inverted version. In total, 75.76% of the drug-dependent patients showed impaired task performance, as against 24.24% who performed it correctly. Discussion. The results indicate the presence of alterations in the decision-making processes of drug-dependent patients, who did not perform as well as the control group. This may be due to difficulty in generating somatic states according to possible future consequences (myopia about the future) in patients addicted to drugs.Key Words: Somatic marker, decision-making, drug addictions, "Cartas" software. RESUMEN ABSTRACTIntroducción. La hipótesis del marcador somático propone que existen señales corporales que guían los procesos de toma de decisiones en un sentido adaptativo para el organismo. Para ver la influencia de estos marcadores sobre la toma de decisiones se ha utilizado la prueba "Iowa Gambling Task", la cual se ha comprobado su alta sensibilidad a deterioros en la toma de decisiones de pacientes drogodependientes. Objetivo. Valorar el rendimiento de una muestra de pacientes drogodependientes en una tarea sensible a la medición del proceso de toma de decisiones, para ver si existen alteraciones significativas, y comparar el rendimiento de estos pacientes con el de personas no consumidoras (en la versión normal e invertida). Método. La muestra estaba formada por 66 personas (33 drogodependientes y 33 participantes controles). Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada sobre variables sociodemográficas y dos versiones de la tarea "Cartas", versión computerizada de la Iowa Gambling Task. Resultados. Se dan diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y experimental en la ejecución de la tarea normal pero no en la inversa. El 75,76% de los pacientes drogodependientes presentan deterioro en la ejecución de la tarea frente a un 24,24% que la realizan de forma adecuada. Discusión. Los resultados indican la presencia de alteraciones en los procesos de toma de decisiones de los pacientes drogodependientes, mostrando éstos un rendimiento menor que el grupo control. Esto ...

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“…This trend towards "normalization" in the use of drugs such as cannabis and cocaine among young people could be especially dangerous for those adolescents with co-morbid psychiatric disorders (Armstrong & Costello, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%