Community Participation in Heritage Tourism for Gresik Resilience

Abstract

Preservation act of the heritage area in Gresik is still in draft, and many heritage objects are yet formally legalised. This situation affect to the decrease of heritage objects from 500 units to 125 units for the last 20 years. The heritage area that situated in urban area has many values while their advantage are not yet maximalised in urban development process. This article is part of Gresik preservation concept research which aiming in building criterion for preservation concepts by grounding up perception and values that lies in the community either who lives in an urban heritage area of Gresik, Kampung Kemasan, and the remote community who are connected to Kampung Kemasan but may not live there in present. Preservation concept that build from the locals may describe the community participation level to preserve a city's heritage area and lead them into a heritage tourism through any capacity. This capacity represent the city's resilience through tourism. The resiliency aspect are then examined through social capacity that exist in Kampung Kemasan community related to heritage tourism. This article are using qualitative approach in building factors that affected the heritage tourism through the social capacity indicators. Focus groups discussions and in-depth interviews were held as a method to ground up perception, and a set of trancript data are analysed through content analysis method. The finding reveals some factors related to social capacity description which consists of local community daily activities that mostly situated in or near the Kampung Kemasan and also their commitment to held any annual activities that seen as a potencial aspect to involve the locals in urban heritage management; the existence of a social capital through space and time they have managed together to discuss things about their settlements; the existence of Nyi Ageng Pinatih and Nyi Ageng Arem-Arem's tomb (the former figures of Kampung Kemasan) as a focus of attraction for religious visit; and the aesthetic and originality factors of every building in Kampung Kemasan that tells many stories about the histories of Kampung Kemasan.

Identifikasi Indikator Pengembangan Pariwisata Berdasarkan Konsep Tourism Resilience di Kecamatan Kuta, Bali

“…Konsep resiliensi dapat bermanfaat dalam memahami bagaimana industri pariwisata dapat merespon secara efektif dan beradaptasi secara positif terhadap adanya gangguan [4]. Konsep resiliensi sendiri merupakan sebuah kemampuan untuk bertahan, beradaptasi, serta tetap mempertahankan struktur serta pola yang ada dalam menghadapi gangguan [5], dimana konsep ini telah banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai lini kehidupan [6]. Sebagai salah satu industri dengan kerentanan yang tinggi, sangat penting bagi sektor pariwisata untuk memahami konsep tourism resilience [1].…”

Equity Issues in Benefits Distribution: The Case of Kreo Cave Tourism in Semarang, Indonesia

“…Java Province (Rahmawati et al, 2014). Heritage and religious tourism has been proven able to assist the economic resilience of the area.…”

Do Inhabitants’ Perceptions Support Tourism Sustainability? The Case of Khorramabad in Iran

“…In a case study in Portugal in the Guimarães region, using cluster analysis, Vareiro et al [20] divided the host community into clusters based on their perception of the effects of tourism and concluded that due to the negative impacts of tourism, the value of these activities had decreased dramatically in the host community. Rahmawati et al [21] examined local participation in the historical area of Gresik in Indonesia, concluding that some factors that are related to social capacity, including daily and occupational activities of the local communities in the vicinity of historical places and their involvement in holding annual ritual ceremonies, have a considerable role in positive perceptions of tourism. Rasoolimanesh, Ringle, Jaafar, and Ramayah [9] studied the effect of a host community's perceptions on their support for urban and rural tourism in Indonesia using structural equation modeling.…”

“…To summarize, all scholars have come to the conclusion that the host society in any city or community might have negative or positive perceptions of tourism depending on different factors [9,20,21,24,25].…”