Community Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus, Human Coronavirus NL63, and Other Respiratory Viruses in Healthy Preschool-Aged Children Using Parent-Collected Specimens

Abstract

Recently identified human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus NL63 are important pathogens in community-based illness in children, particularly in those who attend child care. Picornaviruses were detected in half of the nose-throat swabs collected during acute respiratory illness in children but resulted in milder illnesses; influenza and adenovirus caused the highest-impact illnesses. The use of parent-collected specimens should be considered for additional community-based epidemiologic studies and vaccine trials.

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

“…Home nasal sampling for respiratory viruses has been found feasible previously, and it may increase the virus detection rate in studies of outpatient infections. 19,20,25 Based on the frequency of complications and other outcomes in rhinovirus-positive versus rhinovirus-negative infections, we estimated rhinovirus-associated morbidity. This estimation is subject to an assumption that rhinoviruses would occur with a similar frequency and severity in infections that were not analyzed for viruses as in those that were analyzed.…”

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Otitis Media: Construction of a Phenotype Landscape

“…I use the Finland study [Alho et al, 1991[Alho et al, , 1995aAlho, 1997] for additional data on the relationship between AOM/rAOM and OME/COME. I also use data from other studies [Lambert et al, 2007;Revai et al, 2007] to examine the interplay of URTI and AOM.…”

“…that a URTI will lead to AOM. At the age of 2 years, the mean annual incidence of URTI has been estimated at 6.7 episodes [Lambert et al, 2007]. The probability that each episode of URTI leads to AOM is estimated at 0.29 [Revai et al, 2007], i.e.…”

Human Metapneumovirus and Human Bocavirus in Children

“…Although such methods overestimate prevalence, it is clear from numerous studies that hMPV is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children throughout the world (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) and is often second only to RSV as a cause of bronchiolitis in infants (2,15). The seasonal peaks and age distribution favoring young children is highlighted by the findings by one study group that MPV accounted for 6% of all positive respiratory samples but 82% of positive samples from children in day care (16).…”

“…URI may be more likely to occur in children more than 1 y of age, compared with RSV (31). hMPV has generally been found to cause between 6 and 15% of URI (2,16), although one prospective study in a day-care setting identified hMPV in 82% children with URI (16).…”