Community Biodiversity Management

Boef, de W.S.; Subedi, Anil; Peroni, Nivaldo; Thijssen, M.H.; O'Keeffe, Elizabeth

doi:10.4324/9780203130599

Cited by 57 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These three criteria are extremely scarce in the case of Putre where they appear singly, rather than being generalized across the community. Peroni et al (2013) reported similar findings for the umbuzeiro tree (Spondias tuberosa) in northeastern Brazil. They report that, although knowledge of the umbuzeiro is extensive among the Faxinalense people, interest in it has decreased as well as the strength of the people's relationship with this culturally and economically important species (Peroni et al 2013).…”

Section: Conclusion and Final Remarkssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Archaeology, ethnohistory, music, poetry, and literature all testify to its symbolic significance. Some symbolically predominant representations can be found in most of the cultural domains of the societies that have inhabited the Andes as is described in, for example, Palma (1983), Gordillo (2000), Rozzi et al (2003), Montealegre (2007), Vargas-Clavijo and Costa Neto (2008), and Millones and Mayer (2012). This led Ibarra et al (2012) to suggest that the Andean Condor may be considered a biocultural keystone species for many traditional societies of South America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Aymara people is the main pre-Columbian culture of the Andean territories where the borders of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile now meet. Its ethnozoology gives a privileged position to some animal species and is largely shared by other earlier and contemporary Andean cultures such as those of the Quechua, Tiwanaku, and Inca (Palma 1983). Archaeological and early ethnographic research in northern Chile described the prominent roles played by the condor for the Aymara people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Andean Condor as bird, authority, and devil: an empirical assessment of the biocultural keystone species concept in the high Andes of Chile

Jacques-Coper¹,

Cubillos²,

Ibarra³

2019

E&S

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Biocultural keystone species have been suggested for different societies, but there has been little empirical evaluation of their role in the face of rapid socio-environmental changes. The Aymara people of northern Chile have experienced historical and contemporary processes that have modified their culture and relationship with nature. The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) has previously been proposed as a biocultural keystone species for traditional Andean societies. We evaluate the validity of this assertion in the light of the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of today's Aymara from the high Andes of northern Chile. A three-month ethnographic study was conducted in the Putre municipal district, including semistructured interviews, focus groups, and surveys of the district's Aymara inhabitants. Our results indicate a nonarticulated set of information that can be identified as knowledge about the Andean Condor but is patchy and resembles relics, rather than an ongoing body of TEK that includes daily practices, social institutions, and a worldview shaped by the putative biocultural keystone species. Chileanization, migration, and the integration of evangelical religions into the area's Catholic-Andean setting were identified as three processes that have deeply affected the transmission of TEK and the Aymara-condor relationship, with new generations living in socio-environmental contexts different from those of their ancestors. We suggest that, today, the condor can hardly be considered a biocultural keystone species for the Aymara people of northern Chile. Our study highlights that the role of putative biocultural keystone species is dependent on the vagaries of historical and contemporary socio-environmental processes occurring in the Andes and elsewhere.

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Section: Conclusion and Final Remarkssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Andean Condor as bird, authority, and devil: an empirical assessment of the biocultural keystone species concept in the high Andes of Chile

Jacques-Coper¹,

Cubillos²,

Ibarra³

2019

E&S

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“…The majority of the 'OFM practitioners' promote practices that are directly linked to capacity development, such as 'educational programmes', which further highlights the strong correlation between OFM and livelihood development. This also supports the vision of the CBM methodology, which is aimed at building community organizations and strengthening their capabilities to achieve the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA through participatory processes (De Boef et al, 2013b). CBM incorporates a set of practices that are known and regularly used by a number of stakeholders involved in conservation and development at the local level, including rural diversity drama and poetry, diversity fairs, diversity kits and diversity blocks, and may result in the development of community biodiversity registers and community organizations such as community seed banks.…”

Section: Community-based Practices Supporting Ofmmentioning

confidence: 97%

Practices and networks supporting the on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture

Nilsen

Subedi

Dulloo

et al. 2014

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Millions of farmers depend on the use of local crops and varieties for their food and livelihood. These resources constitute a reservoir of alternative traits and characteristics, which allow us to diversify crops, foods and farming methods and provide material for targeted plant breeding. Still, many countries lag behind in providing support to farming communities for the maintenance and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). A global survey was conducted among a wide range of stakeholders to gain insights into the state of on-farm management (OFM) as a strategy for enhancing the maintenance and sustainable use of PGRFA. The survey showed that a wide range of stakeholders provide de facto support to OFM and that the practices they consider critical are focused on building capabilities in local communities. This supports the fact that the management of crop diversity on farm can be promoted in a variety of ways, depending on the specific context, and that local solutions are needed to successfully support OFM. Partnerships and networks should be considered as one of the critical means to promote OFM, as they involve a diversity of stakeholders working towards common goals. The survey further showed that many respondents currently contribute to existing networks relevant to OFM, but that these networks are mainly nationally or internationally oriented and might therefore exclude crucial local stakeholders, such as community-based organizations. Therefore, mechanisms should be put in place to strengthen the collaboration between stakeholders and networks, especially at the local level.

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“…Social dimensions of THS, such as local knowledge and cultural manifestations are linked to ecological diversity as humans actively modify the environment and adapt to it (Berkes 1999, Davidson-Hunt and. We consider that the social biodiversity (focusing on the diversity of medicinal plants) in a community is determined by the richness of known medicinal plants, autonomy in obtaining these plants, economic dependence on plant, and cultural importance of local ecosystems (see also Ladio and Lozada 2009, Berkes and Ross 2013, de Boef et al 2013. The higher the diversity of known plants and autonomy in obtaining them, the greater is the extent of adaptive responses to disturbances and changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and adaptability of traditional healthcare systems: a case study of communities in two regions of Brazil

Zank¹,

Araujo²,

Hanazaki³

2019

E&S

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The traditional healthcare systems (THS) of communities in two different regions of Brazil were investigated through the lens of social-ecological resilience, assuming that the resilience of THS and of the communities influence each other. We analyzed what has sustained and changed in the trajectory of THS of different rural and coastal communities in Brazil during the last seven decades, focusing on the domains of social biodiversity (especially on plant diversity for medicinal use), health practices learning, and social organization. The THS analyzed refer to three rural communities in northeastern Brazil, and three Quilombola communities on the southern coast of Brazil. Data were obtained through participatory methods, interviews, and secondary sources. The main drivers affecting the THS were the (1) development of national and regional infrastructure, (2) access to public healthcare, (3) implementation of protected areas, and (4) recognition of Quilombola territories (Quilombos). The components of social biodiversity, learning, and social organization contributed to the adaptive capacity and resilience of the systems through the continuity of knowledge transmission, use of local biodiversity for healthcare, request for local specialists, recovery of cultural practices, and institutional development of local organizations and partnerships. Challenges concerning the resilience of the THS are explained by the urbanization processes, restriction of access and use of some native plants, decrease in economic dependence on local biodiversity resources, and the need to improve social capital. After assessing the factors affecting the resilience of THS, we recommend actions that could enhance socialecological resilience in different communities and under different situations.

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Community Biodiversity Management

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

The Andean Condor as bird, authority, and devil: an empirical assessment of the biocultural keystone species concept in the high Andes of Chile

The Andean Condor as bird, authority, and devil: an empirical assessment of the biocultural keystone species concept in the high Andes of Chile

Practices and networks supporting the on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture

Resilience and adaptability of traditional healthcare systems: a case study of communities in two regions of Brazil

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