Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

Möhlmann, Tim W. R.; Wennergren, Uno; Tälle, Malin; Favia, Guido; Damiani, Claudia; Bracchetti, Luca; Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M.

doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2481-1

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Habitat communities from farm, wetland, and peri-urban sites differed within the Netherlands and Italy, while communities in Sweden were more similar to each other. These results are comparable to diversity and community composition found for mosquitoes in Europe [ 33 ]. Both mosquito and biting midge communities show clear differences among areas in the three representative countries, while these communities are different for habitats only within the countries studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of biting midge species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe outbreaks of bluetongue and Schmallenberg disease in Europe have increased efforts to understand the ecology of Culicoides biting midges and their role in pathogen transmission. However, most studies have focused on a specific habitat, region, or country. To facilitate wider comparisons, and to obtain a better understanding of the spread of disease through Europe, the present study focused on monitoring biting midge species diversity in three different habitat types and three countries across Europe.MethodsBiting midges were trapped using Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute light traps at a total of 27 locations in Sweden, the Netherlands and Italy, comprising farm, peri-urban and wetland habitats. From July 2014 to June 2015 all locations were sampled monthly, except for during the winter months. Trapped midges were counted and identified morphologically. Indices on species richness, evenness and diversity were calculated. Community compositions were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) techniques.ResultsA total of 50,085 female midges were trapped during 442 collection nights. More than 88% of these belonged to the Obsoletus group. The highest midge diversity was found in Sweden, while species richness was highest in the Netherlands, and most specimens were trapped in Italy. For habitats within countries, diversity of the trapped midges was lowest for farms in all countries. Differences in biting midge species communities were more distinct across the three countries than the three habitat types.ConclusionsA core midge community could be identified, in which the Obsoletus group was the most abundant. Variations in vector communities across countries imply different patterns of disease spread throughout Europe. How specific species and their associated communities affect disease risk is still unclear. Our results emphasize the importance of midge diversity data at community level, how this differs across large geographic range within Europe, and its implications on assessing risks of midge-borne disease outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2792-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Within each country, farm, peri-urban and wetland habitats were selected. Selection criteria for habitat type and trap location have been described in [ 33 ]. In brief, each habitat type was represented by three unique sampling locations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of biting midge species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

et al. 2018

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“…Ferraguti et al (2016) show that mosquito density and species composition was affected by anthropogenetic landscape transformation [40]. Möhlmann et al (2017) notice specific differences in mosquito abundance and diversity in relationship with different geographical latitudes [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Weather Variables on Mosquito Activity: A Snapshot of the Main Point of Entry of Cyprus

Drakou

Nikolaou

Vasquez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens, causing human and animal diseases. Their ability to adapt and expand worldwide increases spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Climate changes contribute in enhancing these “epidemic conditions”. Understanding the effect of weather variables on mosquito seasonality and host searching activity contributes towards risk control of the mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. To enable early detection of Aedes invasive species we developed a surveillance network for both invasive and native mosquitoes at the main point of entry for the first time in Cyprus. Mosquito sampling was carried out for one year (May 2017–June 2018), at bimonthly intervals around Limassol port. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of 5 species in the study region: Culex. pipiens, Aedes detritus, Ae. caspius, Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. annulata. No invasive Aedes mosquito species were detected. The Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used to compare number of sampled mosquitoes and weather variables for three most numerous species (Cx. pipiens, Ae. detritus and Ae. caspius). The population densities of the most numerous species were highest from February to April. Number of Cx. pipiens (−0.48), Ae. detritus (−0.40) and Ae. caspius (−0.38) specimens sampled was negatively correlated with average daily temperature. Monthly relative humidity showed positive correlation with the numbers of the species sampled, Cx. pipiens (0.66) Ae. detritus (0.68), and Ae. caspius (0.71). Mosquito abundance of Cx. pipiens (0.97) and Ae. detritus (0.98) was strongly correlated to seasonal precipitation as well. Our work is a stepping stone to further stimulate implementation of International Health Regulations and implementation of early warning surveillance system for detection of invasive Aedes mosquitoes, native mosquitoes and arboviruses they may transmit. A network for the surveillance of both invasive and native mosquito species at the main point of entry for the first time in Cyprus was developed. Number of mosquitoes sampled was correlated with weather factors to identify parameters that might predict mosquito activity and species distribution to the prevention of international spread of vector mosquitoes and vector-borne diseases.

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“…claviger , and An. coluzzii were wild-caught individuals collected in different regions in Italy, Sweden, or the Netherlands between July 2014 and June 2015 56 . Species were identified at the species level, and stored at −20 °C for a maximum of two years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ancient satellite repeat controls gene expression and embryonic development in Aedes aegypti through a highly conserved piRNA

Halbach

Miesen

Joosten

et al. 2020

Preprint

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26Tandem repeat elements such as the highly diverse class of satellite repeats occupy large parts of 27 eukaryotic chromosomes. Most occur at (peri)centromeric and (sub)telomeric regions and have 28 been implicated in chromosome organization, stabilization, and segregation 1 . Others are located 29 more dispersed throughout the genome, but their functions remained largely enigmatic. Satellite 30 repeats in euchromatic regions were hypothesized to regulate gene expression in cis by modulation 31 of the local heterochromatin, or in trans via repeat-derived transcripts 2,3 . Yet, due to a lack of 32 experimental models, gene regulatory potential of satellite repeats remains largely unexplored. Here 33 we show that, in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti, a satellite repeat promotes sequence-specific 34 gene silencing via the expression of two abundant PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Strikingly, 35whereas satellite repeats and piRNA sequences generally evolve extremely fast 4-6 , this locus was 36 conserved for approximately 200 million years, suggesting a central function in mosquito biology. 37Tandem repeat-derived piRNA production commenced shortly after egg-laying and inactivation of 38 the most abundant of the two piRNAs in early embryos resulted in an arrest of embryonic 39 development. Transcriptional profiling in these embryos revealed the failure to degrade maternally 40 provided transcripts that are normally cleared during maternal-to-zygotic transition. Our results 41 reveal a novel mechanism in which satellite repeats regulate global gene expression in trans via 42 piRNA-mediated gene silencing, which is fundamental to embryonic development. These findings 43 highlight the regulatory potential of this enigmatic class of repeats. 44 45Main 46Even though satellite repeats have been discovered nearly 60 years ago 7,8 , and comprise a 47 substantial portion of eukaryotic genomes, little is known about the functions of this class of 48 repetitive DNA. Many satellite repeats are actively transcribed, and some of them produce small 49 interfering (si)RNAs required for the establishment and maintenance of heterochromatic regions 9-16 . 50

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Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of biting midge species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

Community analysis of the abundance and diversity of biting midge species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in three European countries at different latitudes

The Effect of Weather Variables on Mosquito Activity: A Snapshot of the Main Point of Entry of Cyprus

An ancient satellite repeat controls gene expression and embryonic development in Aedes aegypti through a highly conserved piRNA

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