Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Rider, Ashley; Frazee, Bradley W.

doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.07.001

Cited by 77 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Similarly, the fact that none of the chronic diseases seemed to be associated with an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia could be explained by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases compared in the control group of our study (patients with community-acquired pneumonia) [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study

et al. 2020

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The distinction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related and community-acquired pneumonias poses significant difficulties, as both frequently involve the elderly. This study aimed to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia based on clinical characteristics at hospital presentation. Case-control study of all patients admitted for pneumonia at Semmelweis University Emergency Department. Cases (n = 30) were patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia (based on polymerase chain reaction test) between 26 March 2020 and 30 April 2020; controls (n = 82) were historical pneumonia cases between 1 January 2019 and 30 April 2019. Logistic models were built with SARS-CoV-2 infection as outcome using clinical characteristics at presentation. Patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia were younger (mean difference, 95% CI: 9.3, 3.2–15.5 years) and had a higher lymphocyte count, lower C-reactive protein, presented more frequently with bilateral infiltrate, less frequently with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and nausea in age- and sex-adjusted models. A logistic model using age, sex, abdominal pain, C-reactive protein, and the presence of bilateral infiltrate as predictors had an excellent discrimination (AUC 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.96) and calibration (p = 0.27–Hosmer-Lemeshow test). The clinical use of our screening prediction model could improve the discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 related from other community-acquired pneumonias and thus help patient triage based on commonly used diagnostic approaches. However, external validation in independent datasets is required before its clinical use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study

et al. 2020

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“…[3] Smoking also has a suppressive effect on the protective actions of airway muco-ciliary clearance mechanisms, and on the various components of the innate and adaptive immune systems of the hosts, as well as direct effects on microbial pathogens that promote their virulence. [8,9,10] Several comorbid factors are well documented in the literature to increase the risk of CAP. One of the most common is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Focused Review

Ticona¹,

Zaccone²,

McFarlane³

2020

AJMCR

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause for admission to the hospital and contributes significantly to patient morbidity and healthcare cost. We present a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, presentations, risk-stratification, markers, and management of CAP in the United States (US). The overall incidence of CAP is 16 to 23 cases per 1000 persons per year, and the rate increases with age. Some of the risk factors for CAP include comorbidities such as, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and heart failure. CAP symptoms vary, and typically include productive cough, dyspnea, pleuritic pain, abnormal vital signs (e.g., fever, tachycardia), and abnormal lung examination findings. A diagnosis can be made by radiography, which has the additional benefit of helping to identify patterns associated with typical and atypical CAP. There are risk-stratification calculators that can be used routinely by physicians to triage patients, and to determine adequate management. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) developed the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) which incorporates 20 risk factors to place patients into 5 classes correlated with mortality risk. In addition, the British Thoracic Society (BTS) established the original severity score CURB (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, low blood pressure) to identify patients with CAP who may be candidates for outpatient vs. inpatient treatment. Inflammatory markers, such as procalcitonin (PCT), can be used to guide management throughout hospital stay. Antibiotic coverage will vary depending on whether outpatient vs. inpatient management is required.

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“…La neumonía es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en el SU, generando una morbimortalidad significativa 16 . Se pueden clasificar en:…”

Section: Neumoníasunclassified

“…Definición Se define como una infección pulmonar aguda que involucra los alvéolos en un paciente sin exposición a la atención médica reciente, clínicamente va desde una neumonía ambulatoria leve hasta el shock séptico. Es la primera causa de sepsis y muerte por infección en Estados Unidos 16 . En los diferentes países, el número de ingresos por NAC oscila entre 1,1 y 4 por 1.000 pacientes.…”

Section: Neumonía Adquirida En La Comunidadunclassified

Actualización de las infecciones respiratorias en Urgencias

Calle

Sánchez

2019

Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

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ResumenLas infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) constituyen uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en los Servicios de Urgencias (SU) y se encuentran entre las primeras causas de morbimortalidad en los países en vías de desarrollo, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). De manera general, se pueden definir como un deterioro clínico agudo caracterizado por la presencia de tos, expectoración, disnea, fiebre, cambios en las características del esputo y alteraciones radiológicas; todas estas manifestaciones pueden comprometer de manera significativa la salud de los pacientes. Realizar un buen diagnóstico y tratamiento de las IRA es primordial en la práctica diaria, tanto en Atención Primaria como a nivel hospitalario, para evitar complicaciones y mortalidad relacionadas con estas enfermedades. En esta actualización, hablaremos de las infecciones respiratorias más frecuentes en el SU, la bronquitis aguda, las agudizaciones de la EPOC o bronquiectasias y las neumonías. Abstract Update on respiratory infections in the emergency departmentAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are among leading causes of emergency department (ER) consultancy and, according with World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the first causes of morbimortality in developing countries. ARI is defined as an acute clinical deterioration characterized by cough, spitting, dyspnea, fever and sputum and radiological changes, which can endanger patient's health significantly. In order to prevent clinical complications and death, proper diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in both Primary and Hospital Care. In the current update, most common respiratory infections in ER (acute bronchitis, COPD exacerbations or bronchiectasis and pneumonia) will be analyzed

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Cited by 77 publications

References 61 publications

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study

Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Focused Review

Actualización de las infecciones respiratorias en Urgencias

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