Community-acquired pneumonia

Sligl, Wendy

doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000052

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This biomarker could be an independent risk factor to predict this mortality. These findings are in agreement with current literature; NT-ProBNP is a prognosis tool that has begun to appear in review articles as an emerging biomarker (33). Until its individual prognostic value is confirmed, this marker could be useful in the initial assessment of CAP patients and be included as a tool in addition to predictive scales; also, it could perhaps be used in the future to design individual treatment strategies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The Amino-Terminal Fragment of Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Plasma as a Biological Marker for Predicting Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cohort Study

Tazón-Varela¹,

Muñoz-Cacho²,

Valle³

et al. 2016

EAJEM

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

The Amino-Terminal Fragment of Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Plasma as a Biological Marker for Predicting Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cohort Study

Tazón-Varela¹,

Muñoz-Cacho²,

Valle³

et al. 2016

EAJEM

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“…Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that causes the alveoli, or air sacs, to fill up with fluid or pus (12). There are several risk factors for the development of pneumonia, such as advanced age, being immunocompromised, or having a pre-existing lung disease.…”

Section: Public Health Implications Of Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System

et al. 2018

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Much research on infectious diseases focuses on clearing the pathogen through the use of antimicrobial drugs, the immune response, or a combination of both. Rapid clearance of pathogens allows for a quick return to a healthy state and increased survival. Pathogen-targeted approaches to combating infection have inherent limitations, including their pathogen-specific nature, the potential for antimicrobial resistance, and poor vaccine efficacy, among others. Another way to survive an infection is to tolerate the alterations to homeostasis that occur during a disease state through a process called host tolerance or resilience, which is independent from pathogen burden. Alterations in homeostasis during infection are numerous and include tissue damage, increased inflammation, metabolic changes, temperature changes, and changes in respiration. Given its importance and sensitivity, the lung is a good system for understanding host tolerance to infectious disease. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under five worldwide. One reason for this is because when the pulmonary system is altered dramatically it greatly impacts the overall health and survival of a patient. Targeting host pathways involved in maintenance of pulmonary host tolerance during infection could provide an alternative therapeutic avenue that may be broadly applicable across a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on tolerance to host lung infection. We will focus on the involvement of innate immune responses in tolerance and how an initial viral lung infection may alter tolerance mechanisms in leukocytic, epithelial, and endothelial compartments to a subsequent bacterial infection. By understanding tolerance mechanisms in the lung we can better address treatment options for deadly pulmonary infections.

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“…The gold standard for the pathogen identification is sputum culture, but in 30-65 % of all cases of CAP, no pathogen could be isolated [3]. During the time needed for the identification of the causing pathogens, in which at least 1 day is required for cultivation, a presumptive antimicrobial therapy has to be started.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of different pneumonia-causing microorganisms varies worldwide and depends on the type of pneumonia. In case of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the leading pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae [3], whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are mostly responsible for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction-free procedure for the isolation of bacteria from sputum samples for Raman spectroscopic analysis

et al. 2015

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Lower respiratory tract infections are the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Here, a timely identification of the causing pathogens is crucial to the success of the treatment. Raman spectroscopy allows for quick identification of bacterial cells without the need for time-consuming cultivation steps, which is the current gold standard to detect pathogens. However, before Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify pathogens, they have to be isolated from the sample matrix, i.e., sputum in case of lower respiratory tract infections. In this study, we report an isolation protocol for single bacterial cells from sputum samples for Raman spectroscopic identification. Prior to the isolation, a liquefaction step using the proteolytic enzyme mixture Pronase E is required in order to deal with the high viscosity of sputum. The extraction of the bacteria was subsequently performed via different filtration and centrifugation steps, whereby isolation ratios between 46 and 57 % were achieved for sputa spiked with 6·10(7) to 6·10(4) CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus. The compatibility of such a liquefaction and isolation procedure towards a Raman spectroscopic classification was shown for five different model species, namely S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A classification of single-cell Raman spectra of these five species with an accuracy of 98.5 % could be achieved on the basis of a principal component analysis (PCA) followed by a linear discriminant analysis (LDA). These classification results could be validated with an independent test dataset, where 97.4 % of all spectra were identified correctly. Graphical Abstract Development of an isolation protocol of bacterial cells out of sputum samples followed by Raman spectroscopic measurement and species identification using chemometrical models.

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Community-acquired pneumonia

Abstract: CAP is common and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive approach including advanced diagnostic testing, effective and timely antimicrobial therapy and prevention is required to optimize CAP outcomes.

Cited by 37 publications

References 88 publications

The Amino-Terminal Fragment of Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Plasma as a Biological Marker for Predicting Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cohort Study

The Amino-Terminal Fragment of Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Plasma as a Biological Marker for Predicting Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cohort Study

Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System

Destruction-free procedure for the isolation of bacteria from sputum samples for Raman spectroscopic analysis

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