“…The importance of developing students' mathematical communication skills has been well documented; for instructors, these core competencies are related to reading comprehension, self-efficacy and scientific literacy (Hopf & Colby, 1992;Lamb et al, 1997;Spektor-Levy et al, 2009). However, recent findings showed that communication skills in mathematics curriculum are rarely trained by teachers, so students' mathematical communication skills tend to be unsatisfactory (Stoffelsma & Spooren, 2019;Yaniawati et al, 2019).…”