Communication Development in Infants and Toddlers Adopted From Abroad

Characterizing and Predicting Outcomes of Communication Delays in Infants and Toddlers: Implications for Clinical Practice

“…According to the U.S. Department of State (2006), the number of immigrant visas issued to orphans increased from 8,097 in 1995 to 22,728 in 2005. A large proportion of these children resided in institutional settings from a very young age, where they may have experienced deprivation of stimulation, interpersonal interaction, and adequate nutrition (Hwa-Froelich, 2009). As a result, they are at increased risk for a variety of chronic developmental problems.…”

Adopted children's language difficulties and their relation to symptoms of reactive attachment disorder: FinAdo study

“…During these times, caregivers often do not talk or interact socially with the child and their responsiveness to children's signals is low (Muhamedrahimov et al, 2004), which means the child has few positive caregiver-child experiences as well as little opportunity to gain language skills from adults. Even though the quality of early caregiving varies much between various institutions or foster homes, children who are internationally adopted appear to be at higher risk of language difficulties than their non-adopted age-mates (Hwa-Froelich, 2009;Scott, Roberts, & Glennen, 2011).…”

Internationally Adopted Children's Reading Comprehension in Second Grade

“…Even if the quality of orphanages is variable both across and within countries, research suggests that children adopted from Eastern Europe seem to be more susceptible to language and learning problems when compared with adoptees from China and Korea (Hough & Kazmarek, 2011;Hwa-Froelich, 2009;Loman et al, 2009). However, Loman et al (2009) argued that the length of institutionalization had more impact on language outcomes than did the adoption country.…”