Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly introduced into many systems that modern society rely on and is often portrayed as a savior that can contribute to finding solutions to societal challenges e.g., social, and ecological sustainability. Many of these systems can be classified as complex systems, with interdependencies, emergent behaviors and a diversity of actors involved. As AI is increasingly introduced into these systems, we witness a transformation from complex systems into complex intelligent systems. At the same time caution is invoked toward the risks of AI regarding e.g., biases and loss of control as more tasks are transferred to AI. Hence, the introduction of AI into complex systems is associated with uncertainties around management of AI initiatives and their influence on future systems. Challenges like this can affect many different functions and professions and thus need to be understood collectively.My PhD journey started after a long period away from academia and although I have not finished yet, this thesis is a big milestone on the way. The road has been marked by challenges to master new contexts, but also by the overcoming of them, successes, new experiences and friendships. All for which I am glad that I took the leap and that I got to experience. On this journey I have felt grateful to many.First, I would like to thank my main supervisor, Anna, for all the support to reach this milestone in my doctoral studies. I have appreciated your positive energy, the support in challenging periods and cheering of my successes. Without your support this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my co-supervisors, Sanne and Nicolette, for all the constructive feedback on my work. My gratitude also goes to Petra Bosch-Sijtsema for the valuable feedback at my pre-licentiate seminar that has greatly helped me to improve this thesis. Thanks also to the entire Nicer research group, directed by Nicolette and Gunnar, for all the intriguing seminars and discussions. To
PapersThe papers associated with this thesis have been removed for copyright reasons. For more details about these see: