Commonalities in social and non-social cognitive impairments in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia

Eack, Shaun M.; Bahorik, Amber L.; McKnight, Summer A.F.; Hogarty, Susan S.; Greenwald, Deborah F.; Newhill, Christina E.; Phillips, Mary L.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Minshew, Nancy J.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.013

Cited by 120 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Half of those diagnosed with SCZ have expressed ASD diagnostic social impairment (Matsuo et al 2015), and social cognitive impairment was found to be the same in Asperger's disorder and SCZ (Lugnegård et al 2013), as well as the same in ASD and SCZ (Eack et al 2013). Moreover, SCZ was diagnosed in 2.4 % of those with ASD (Kohane et al 2012).…”

Section: Criteria Validity Research Approach 4: Is Asd Comorbid With mentioning

confidence: 93%

ASD Validity

Waterhouse

London

Gillberg

2016

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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ASD research is at an important crossroads. The ASD diagnosis is important for assigning a child to early behavioral intervention and explaining a child's condition. But ASD research has not provided a diagnosis-specific medical treatment, or a consistent early predictor, or a unified life course. If the ASD diagnosis also lacks biological and construct validity, a shift away from studying ASD-defined samples would be warranted. Consequently, this paper reviews recent findings for the neurobiological validity of ASD, the construct validity of ASD diagnostic criteria, and the construct validity of ASD spectrum features. The findings reviewed indicate that the ASD diagnosis lacks biological and construct validity. The paper concludes with proposals for research going forward.Keywords DSM-5 . ASD . Autism . Diagnosis . Validity . Comorbidity . HeterogeneityThe goal of the DSM-3 nosology (American Psychiatric Association 1980) was to create reliable and standard categorical psychiatric diagnoses (Robins and Guze 1970). However, in the past 30 years, clinical, genetics, and neuroscience findings have revealed that the DSM diagnoses are not biologically valid. The National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) responded by proposing the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for a brain-based transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom nosology (Cuthbert and Insel 2013;Insel et al. 2010;Lilienfeld and Treadway 2016). Peterson (2015) and Weinberger et al. (2015) argued that the RDoC could not replace the DSM-5 psychiatric nosology (American Psychiatric Association 2013) or the parallel International Classification of Diseases (ICD) psychiatric nosology (World Health Organization 2012). But BFor the foreseeable future, RDoC is not envisioned as a system of psychiatric classification in its own right. Instead, in the near term, RDoC and DSM-ICD are expected to coexist. Nevertheless, RDoC is intended to provide scaffolding for a large-scale research program that will ultimately yield an alternative to DSM-ICD^ (Lilienfeld and Treadway 2016, p. 445).RDoC advocates accept that DSM-5/ICD psychiatric categories remain necessary in clinical practice, but argue that researchers should shift to RDoC study designs immediately. They assert that studying psychiatric categories lacking biological validity blocks the discovery of brain bases for psychopathology and thus cannot lead to effective medical treatments for specific psychiatric symptoms (Cuthbert and Insel 2013;Insel et al. 2010;Lilienfeld and Treadway 2016;Yee et al. 2015). Against this RDoC imperative for biological validity, Weinberger et al. (2015) countered that current DSM-5 psychiatric behavioral diagnoses were valid when they yielded effective medical treatment, clear prognosis, and a life course specific to a diagnosis.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has been productive (Dawson 2016;de la Torre-Ubieta et al. 2016;Szatmari et al. 2016), but no ASD research findings have met the validity criteria of Weinberger et al. (2015). DSM-5 ASD research has found no s...

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Section: Criteria Validity Research Approach 4: Is Asd Comorbid With mentioning

confidence: 93%

ASD Validity

Waterhouse

London

Gillberg

2016

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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“…5 Similarly, the grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour described in schizophrenia includes a number of signs and symptoms consistent with those of autism-spectrum disorders, such as repeated stereotyped movements, echolalia, unpredictable agitation and decreased interaction with or interest in one's environment. 5,6 The disorders also share some cognitive deficits [7][8][9] ; in particular, deficits in social cognition have received much attention. [10][11][12][13][14][15] As well, there are brain structural similarities between these disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Soler

Fañanás

Parellada

et al. 2018

jpn

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“…Autism and schizophrenia share similar phenotypes including impairments in social, cognitive, and sensory behavior (Eack et al, 2013; Sugranyes et al, 2011; King & Lord, 2011; Cheung et al, 2010; Couture et al, 2010). Whereas autism manifests in childhood, the first psychotic break for schizophrenia occurs between late adolescence and young adulthood.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DSM-II included autism under the umbrella of schizophrenia, although later editions separated the two diagnoses (for a review, see Parnas & Bovet, 1991). Despite the segregation, the overlap between the disorders is quite apparent: in one study, half the individuals with autism met the criteria for schizophrenia (Konstantareas et al, 2001; Ghaziuddin, Tsai & Ghaziuddin, 1992), and in another, the neurocognitive and social-cognitive performance across a large neuropsychological battery was nearly identical between autism and schizophrenia (Eack et al, 2013). …”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensory fMRI signatures in autism and schizophrenia: Analysis of amplitude and trial-to-trial variability

Haigh

Gupta

Barb

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

Self Cite

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Autism and schizophrenia share multiple phenotypic and genotypic markers, and there is ongoing debate regarding the relationship of these two disorders. To examine whether cortical dynamics are similar across these disorders, we directly compared fMRI responses to visual, somatosensory and auditory stimuli in adults with autism (N=15), with schizophrenia (N=15), and matched controls (N=15). All participants completed a one-back letter detection task presented at fixation (to control attention) while task-irrelevant sensory stimulation was delivered to the different modalities. We focused specifically on the response amplitudes and the variability in sensory fMRI responses of the two groups, given the evidence of greater trial-to-trial variability in adults with autism. Both autism and schizophrenia individuals showed weaker signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in sensory-evoked responses compared to controls (d>0.42), but for different reasons. For the autism group, the fMRI response amplitudes were indistinguishable from controls but were more variable trial-to-trial (d=0.47). For the schizophrenia group, response amplitudes were smaller compared to autism (d=0.44) and control groups (d=0.74), but were not significantly more variable (d<0.29). These differential group profiles suggest (1) that greater trial-to-trial variability in cortical responses may be specific to autism and is not a defining characteristic of schizophrenia, and (2) that blunted response amplitudes may be characteristic of schizophrenia. The relationship between the amplitude and the variability of cortical activity might serve as a specific signature differentiating these neurodevelopmental disorders. Identifying the neural basis of these responses and their relationship to the underlying genetic bases may substantially enlighten the understanding of both disorders.

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Commonalities in social and non-social cognitive impairments in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia

Cited by 120 publications

References 30 publications

ASD Validity

ASD Validity

Genetic variability in scaffolding proteins and risk for schizophrenia and autism-spectrum disorders: a systematic review

Differential sensory fMRI signatures in autism and schizophrenia: Analysis of amplitude and trial-to-trial variability

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