Common Variants in IL-20 Gene are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and IL-20 Levels in the Cohort of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study

Abstract

Inflammation has been involved in the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and obesity. Interleukin 20 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine encoded by a polymorphic gene located in chromosome 1. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of two IL-20 polymorphisms (rs1400986 and rs1518108) with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA), cardiovascular risk factors and IL-20 levels in a cohort of Mexican individuals. The polymorphisms were determined in 274 individuals with SA and 672 controls. Under different models, rs1400986 (OR = 0.51, Pcodominant1 = 0.0001; OR = 0.36, Pcodominant2 = 0.014; OR = 0.49, Pdominant = 0.0001 and OR = 0.55, Padditive = 0.0001) and rs1518108 (OR = 0.62, Pcodominant2 = 0.048 and OR = 0.79, Padditive = 0.048) were associated with a lower risk of SA. These polymorphisms were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with SA and controls. Controls with the rs1400986 TT genotype presented high levels of IL-20 (p = 0.031). In individuals with the rs1400986 CC genotype, we observed a negative correlation between IL-20 levels and total abdominal tissue (TAT), visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal tissue (SAT). Our results indicate that the IL-20 rs1400986 and rs1518108 polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of developing SA and with some cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with SA and healthy controls. Negative correlation between BMI and VAT/SAT ratio in individuals with rs1400986 CC genotype and among IL-20 levels and TAT, VAT and SAT was observed.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Additionally, a case-controlled study demonstrated that serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in healthy controls [ 31 ]. Chronic exposure to inflammation may be a risk factor for CVD by adversely affecting endothelial functions through proinflammatory cytokine, causing subclinical AS [ 32 , 33 ]. In addition, in a meta-analysis, chronic inflammation was found inde-pendently associated with higher IMT levels [ 34 ].…”

Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: 1-Year Follow-Up

“…Another pro-inflammatory cytokine with an atherogenic effect that causes microvascular lesions due to the induction of angiogenesis in hypoxic tissue is IL-20. In AMI, it promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increases myocardial reperfusion injury [18,19]. In addition, there is evidence that cardiomyocyte necrosis in ischemic myocardium contributes to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hsCRP [20].…”

Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Results from Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Mexican Study

“…We conducted a case–control study nested in the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) study. The GEA study is a prospective cohort that comprised adults with pCAD and healthy controls without a personal or family history of pCAD [ 27 ]. The main goal of this cohort was to elucidate the genetic factors associated with pCAD and other coronary risk factors in the Mexican population.…”