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The steam distillation method was used to obtain samples of essential oil of plants of three varieties Hyssopus officinalis L., cultivated in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. More than 20 components were identified and determined in the essential oils of plants of the varieties Lazurit, Rozotsvetkovy, Zaveya by gas-liquid chromatography. It has been established that the studied varieties of Hyssopus officinalis belong to the pinocamphone chemotype. The main components are pinocamphone (67.6–76.0%), β-pinene, eugenol, limonene, camphene, sabinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, α-pinene, γ-terpinene and pinocampheol. The distribution of the enantiomers of a-and b-pinenes, camphene, limonene and linalool was established in the studied samples. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and optical isomers of pure β-pinene was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella alony, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sp., Escherichia coli Hfr H, Pseudomonas aeruosa by disc method. It is shown that (+)-β-pinene showed higher antibacterial activity to (-)-β-pinene. The increased content of (+)-β-pinene in the varieties of Hyssopus officinalis with pink (Rosacea variety) and white (Zaveya variety) aureoles of flowers caused a higher antibacterial activity of their essential oils against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
The steam distillation method was used to obtain samples of essential oil of plants of three varieties Hyssopus officinalis L., cultivated in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. More than 20 components were identified and determined in the essential oils of plants of the varieties Lazurit, Rozotsvetkovy, Zaveya by gas-liquid chromatography. It has been established that the studied varieties of Hyssopus officinalis belong to the pinocamphone chemotype. The main components are pinocamphone (67.6–76.0%), β-pinene, eugenol, limonene, camphene, sabinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, α-pinene, γ-terpinene and pinocampheol. The distribution of the enantiomers of a-and b-pinenes, camphene, limonene and linalool was established in the studied samples. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and optical isomers of pure β-pinene was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella alony, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sp., Escherichia coli Hfr H, Pseudomonas aeruosa by disc method. It is shown that (+)-β-pinene showed higher antibacterial activity to (-)-β-pinene. The increased content of (+)-β-pinene in the varieties of Hyssopus officinalis with pink (Rosacea variety) and white (Zaveya variety) aureoles of flowers caused a higher antibacterial activity of their essential oils against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Products of plant raw materials processing, in particular hyssop herb are becoming more and more popular nowadays. This plant raw material is used in traditional medicine in many countries all over of the world and is included as an officinal raw material in pharmacopoeias of several European countries: France, Portugal, Romania, Sweden and Germany. Hyssop hydrolat is used in perfumery, cosmetics and food industries, but it is not used in medicine yet, due to the lack of a complex research. This article presents the results of a research of the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Hyssopus officinalis L. hydrolate. The main aim of the article is to study the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of hydrolate of Hyssopus officinalis L. Materials and methods. The object of the research is a hydrolate of hyssop obtained by the method of steam distillation from freshly harvested raw materials of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). The study of the chemical composition of the hydrolate was carried out by gas-liquid chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the hydrolate was assessed by the growth and luminescence characteristics of the marine luminescent bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri F1 and recombinant bioluminescent test-objects based on E. coli MG1655. Antioxidant activity was determined by the method of non-enzymatic initiation of lipid peroxidation in a model biological system of yolk lipoproteins. Results. The concentration of essential oil in the hyssop’s hydrolate was defined as 0.032%. It was found that the hydrolate contains isopinocamphone, pinocamphone; β-cariophillen; β-pinen; sabinen and 1.8-cineol. The dynamics of the accumulation of lipid peroxide products in the presence of hyssop’s hydrolate was significantly lower in comparison with the control by 39.47%, which indicates the ability of this hydrolate to suppress free radical oxidation processes, and thus exhibit antioxidant activity. Conclusion. As a result of the research, hydrolate of Hyssopus officinalis L. was found to exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Prospects for further research are the development of medicines and cosmetics based on hydrolate of Hyssopus officinalis L. with antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Common hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is widely used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. In the component composition of the essential oil from the above-ground mass of H. officinalis f. cyaneus, from the collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden, the bicyclic monoterpene ketones isopinocamphone (50.99–64.41%) and pinocamphone (3.95–18.88%) predominate, which allows us to attribute this form to the isopinocamphone chemotype for use in pharmacology. An essential oil sample with a high content of isopinocamphone (70.74%) in complete absence of pinocamphone was determined, which made it possible to use the plant as a starting material for breeding. The objective of our work was to study the component composition of the essential oil of this form, and the morphology, anatomy and ploidy level of microshoots in vitro on a nutrient medium with BAP. This was compared with ex situ samples to develop a cultivation technique with the preservation of a valuable trait for use in task-oriented selection. Biotechnological methods are used for future mass propagation, study and the preservation of breeding forms. Morphological and anatomical features and ploidy of H. officinalis microshoots were studied in vitro. Using in vitro culturing of microshoots on MS medium containing BAP, a decrease in the cuticular layer and the degree of development of collenchyma near vascular bundles in leaves were shown compared to microshoots ex situ. Significant structural changes were found with a high increase in BAP concentration, while no changes in the ploidy level were detected.
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