Common Bean Baked Snack Consumption Reduces Apolipoprotein B-100 Levels: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract

Snack alternatives based on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been developed to promote pulse consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, sensory acceptance and the effect of common bean baked snack (CBBS) consumption on blood lipid levels in participants with overweight and altered blood lipid levels. A sensory evaluation by 80 untrained judges was carried out using a hedonic scale. A randomized crossover 2 × 2 trial was performed, where 20 participants with overweight and one blood lipid alteration consumed 32 g of CBBS or did not consume it (control) for four weeks. Blood samples were taken to quantify the triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, ApoB-100, glucose and insulin. Furthermore, anthropometric, dietary and physical activity parameters were recorded. The overall acceptance of CBBS was similar compared to popcorn (p > 0.05). The consumption of CBBS reduced the apolipoprotein B-100 levels (p = 0.008). This reduction could be associated with the additional dietary fiber consumption during the CBBS period (p = 0.04). Although it did not improve any other blood lipid or glucose parameters (p > 0.05), it did not affect them either, which means that the CBBS could be consumed without compromising cardiovascular health.

Mexican Ancestral Foods (Theobroma cacao, Opuntia ficus indica, Persea americana and Phaseolus vulgaris) Supplementation on Anthropometric, Lipid and Glycemic Control Variables in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Eight studies assessed the effect of dark chocolate or cocoa supplementation in overweight/obese patients [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Two studies analyzed the outcome of common bean or Phaseolus vulgaris consumption in the condition of T2DM and obesity [ 37 , 38 ]. Three studies evaluated the effect of avocado ingestion on abdominal adiposity and visceral adiposity in subjects with syndrome metabolic disease and obesity [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

“…Patient anthropometric outcomes and serum lipid parameters enlisted in included studies are shown in detail in Table 2 . Two out of the fifteen studies were double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with parallel groups [ 29 , 30 ]; two studies were randomized crossover trials [ 37 , 43 ]; two studies had a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design [ 35 , 38 ]; one study had a multicenter, randomized, controlled parallel-arm trial design [ 40 ]; one study was a single-center, randomized, 2-arm, controlled, parallel trial [ 41 ]; three studies were randomized controlled trials [ 31 , 34 , 39 ]; one study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over [ 36 ]; one study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical pilot trial [ 32 ]; one study was a prospective dietary intervention [ 42 ]; and finally, one study was a two-phase, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial [ 33 ]. Most of them included adults of both genders, while one study included exclusively women.…”

“…The duration of the studies was variable, ranging from 4 weeks to 6 months. Eleven manuscripts were conducted on overweight/obese patients [ 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 42 , 43 ], two on T2DM and obese patients [ 29 , 41 ], and two on metabolic syndrome- and obesity-diagnosed patients [ 32 , 40 ].…”

“…In another study, the daily intake of common bean was in a 32 g-baked snack bar. Phaseolus vulgaris supplementation showed changes in anthropometric parameters, leading to a significant reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat [ 37 , 38 ]. Hass avocado consumption in the studies was one raw piece/day (approximately 200–300 g) included in a meal.…”

“…Every week, fresh nopal was placed in sterile plastic bags as a supplement. According to one study, 300 g (2 cups) of boiled nopal ( Opuntia ficus-indica ) obtained from 375 g of fresh nopal cladodes (100 g = 16 kcal and 2.2 g of dietary fiber) corresponds to 3% of total energy intake and 33% of the daily recommendation for dietary fiber (25 g) on a 2000 kcal diet [ 37 ]. In another study, participants consumed 2 cups (280 g) of nopales per day.…”