Mexican Ancestral Foods (Theobroma cacao, Opuntia ficus indica, Persea americana and Phaseolus vulgaris) Supplementation on Anthropometric, Lipid and Glycemic Control Variables in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Diet containing Mexican ancestral foods such as cocoa, nopal, avocado, and common bean have been individually reported to have beneficial effects on obesity and comorbidities. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of Mexican ancestral foods on the anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic control variables in obese patients was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Results: We selected 4664 articles from an initial search, of which only fifteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data for 1670 participants were analyzed: 843 in the intervention group and 827 in the control group. A significant reduction in body mass index (mean difference: −0.80 (−1.31 to −0.30)) (95% confidence interval), p = 0.002, heterogeneity I2 = 92% was showed after the ingestion of cocoa, nopal, avocado, or common bean. The mean difference for body weight was −0.57 (−1.93 to 0.79), waist of circumference: −0.16 (−2.54 to −2.21), total cholesterol: −5.04 (−11.5 to 1.08), triglycerides: −10.11 (−27.87 to 7.64), fasting glucose: −0.81 (−5.81 to 4.19), and insulin: −0.15 (−0.80 to 0.50). Mexican ancestral food supplementation seems to improve anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic control variables in obesity; however, more randomized controlled trials are needed to have further decisive evidence about dosage and method of supplementation and to increase the sample size.

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“…High CHOL, LDL, and TG concentrations are frequently associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and atherosclerosis, contributing to increased cardiovascular events 31,32 . Our results corroborate those of Ganesan et al (2017), who showed that P. vulgaris contains phytosterols that could reduce LDL cholesterol 33 . The ions Na + , K + , Cl -, and Ca 2+ ensure in the organism the transmission of the nervous impulse, the frequency of cardiac beats, the levels of systole and diastole in the heart, and the vascular tonus.…”

Non-starch polysaccharides from kidney beans: comprehensive insight into their extraction, structure and physicochemical and nutritional properties

“…In addition, the extraction yield and structural properties of kidney bean NSPs differ among cultivars, which may guide the development of plant-based novel functional components. However, review articles on kidney beans in recent years mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) nutritional and functional properties of kidney beans together with other legumes from the regions of India, 29 Mexico, 30 Europe, 31 and Africa; 32 (2) food processing technologies; 33–36 (3) potential strategies to improve metabolic health with a white kidney bean extract, 10 prevent cardiovascular diseases with kidney bean bioactive compounds, 37 inhibit noncommunicable chronic diseases, 38 and alleviate diabetes and obesity with kidney bean α-amylase inhibitors. 39 To the best of our knowledge, there is no report, to date, comprehensively reviewing kidney bean NSPs, including their extraction, structural characterization, biological function, and interaction with other nutrients.…”