Commodification and de-commodification

Knijn, Trudie; Ostner, Ilona

doi:10.4337/9781781950340.00010

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…New risks have mainly to do with entering the labor market and establishing an enduring position in it, and with care duties that arise principally at the early stage of family--formation. However, many scholars have recently drawn attention to the later risks posed to families of providing long--term care for frail, dependent, elderly (Saraceno 2010, Knijn andOstner 2002). Individuals who are able to successfully navigate the transition to solid, paid employment, as well as those who develop strategies of care--taking using independent means, will not experience the urgency of these new social risks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The capacity of social policies to combat poverty among new social risk groups

Rovny

2014

Journal of European Social Policy

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This article considers groups who are most likely to be vulnerable to new social risks and tests the effects of social policies on their poverty levels. Specifically, the article conducts multi-level regression analyses across 18 OECD countries around the year 2004, analysing the effects of social policies on the likelihood of being poor for low-skilled young women and men, and for those at risk of possessing obsolete skills, namely low-educated men aged 55-64 years. The central question asks which policies -active labour market policies (ALMP), passive labour market policies (PLMP), employment protection legislation (EPL), family policies, and government daycare spending -are effective at combating new social risks. In addition to analysing social policies, the article also considers union density and representation of women in national parliaments as two measures that depict agents who are most intent on combating old and new social risks, respectively. The findings show that ALMP are the most important predictor of a decrease in poverty levels among the low skilled. The negative effect of PLMP on poverty is only significant for the older male group. Family policies are related to a reduction in poverty for both low-skilled young women and men. Gross public social spending as a measure of overall welfare generosity is found to be associated with a reduction in poverty only of the older male group, but not that of the younger groups. The article's analyses suggest that some social policies remain geared towards older segments of society, leaving the younger population at greater financial and therefore social risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The capacity of social policies to combat poverty among new social risk groups

Rovny

2014

Journal of European Social Policy

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“…This lack of clarity in terminology or measurement is problematic and when looking at welfare states, it is hard if not impossible to say whether de-familialization has preceded the commodification of women. It might be in fact, as Knijn and Ostner (2002) argue, that women's commodification precedes de-familialization. For example, according to Esping-Andersen, defamilialization should encourage women's employment; however, the term cannot completely address the way a liberal welfare state deals with families in a 'residual way' (i.e.…”

Section: De-familializationmentioning

confidence: 93%

What a State She's in! Western Welfare States and Equitable Social Entitlements

Woods¹

2006

Journal of Global Ethics

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“…The gendered structure of the labour market participation rate should be conserved and comparable welfare services and contributions for unpaid work introduced. The translation of such concepts into practice is particularly problematic: how can one quantify unpaid work in terms of monetary value, especially when it includes other things on top of care such as housework (Knijn, 2002)? Moreover, it remains difficult to understand how dedicated feminists can approve of maintaining the gender roles of ‘housewives and mothers’ and male ‘breadwinners’.…”

Section: Theoretical and Policy Concepts Related To Women's Pension Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pension Reforms, Working Patterns and Gender Pension Gaps in Europe

Frericks

Knijn

Майер

2009

Gender Work & Organization

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European pension reforms are dominated by the principles of privatization and individualization. Privatizing and individualizing pension entitlements call for a redefinition of the responsibilities of states and individuals. Moreover, statutorily introducing individualization calls for equal opportunities to be guaranteed. However, the implementation of equal opportunities is a long way off because pension-determining factors are still subject to gender distinctions, among other things. Gender distinction is inherent in life courses as well as in welfare arrangements. Welfare arrangements determine the legitimate reasons for gaining pension rights, how the measures of different entitlements are interrelated and which factors hamper a person's ability to fulfil the pension norm. This article analyses the link between welfare arrangements and women's life courses for a better understanding of the gendered norms of pension entitlements by focusing on gendered wages and life expectancies, gendered working patterns, and the connection between care and pensions.

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Commodification and de-commodification

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The capacity of social policies to combat poverty among new social risk groups

The capacity of social policies to combat poverty among new social risk groups

What a State She's in! Western Welfare States and Equitable Social Entitlements

Pension Reforms, Working Patterns and Gender Pension Gaps in Europe

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