Commissural and ipsilateral internuclear connection of vestibular nuclear complex of the cat

Ito, Juichi; Matsuoka, Izuru; Sasa, Masashi; Takaori, Shuji

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91474-x

Cited by 161 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…At the level of the medulla, both afferent and efferent connectivity within the vestibular complex are generally similar to what has been observed in other mammals (Brodal and Brodal, 1985;Bü ttner-Ennever, 1992;Barmack, 2003). However, the hamster shows dense commissural connectivity with the contralateral MVe, as well as the lateral and spinal vestibular nuclei, different from the pattern observed in the rabbit (Epema et al, 1988), but similar to that observed in the cat (Ito et al, 1985). Dense bilateral connections to the nucleus prepositus were also observed.…”

Section: Caudal Brainstem Connectionssupporting

confidence: 71%

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mammalian medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) receives input from all vestibular endorgans and provides extensive projections to the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated projections from the MVe to the circadian rhythm system. In addition, there are known projections from the MVe to regions considered to be involved in sleep and arousal. In this study, afferent and efferent subcortical connectivity of the medial vestibular nucleus of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was evaluated using cholera toxin subunit-B (retrograde), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (anterograde), and pseudorabies virus (transneuronal retrograde) tract-tracing techniques. The results demonstrate MVe connections with regions mediating visuomotor and postural control, as previously observed in other mammals. The data also identify extensive projections from the MVe to regions mediating arousal and sleep-related functions, most of which receive immunohistochemically identified projections from the lateral hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) neurons. These include the locus coeruleus, dorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei, dorsal raphe, and lateral preoptic area. The MVe itself receives a projection from hypocretin cells. CTB tracing demonstrated reciprocal connections between the MVe and most brain areas receiving MVe efferents. Virus tracing confirmed and extended the MVe afferent connections identified with CTB and additionally demonstrated transneuronal connectivity with the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the medial habenular nucleus. These anatomical data indicate that the vestibular system has access to a broad array of neural functions not typically associated with visuomotor, balance, or equilibrium, and that the MVe is likely to receive information from many of the same regions to which it projects.

show abstract

Section: Caudal Brainstem Connectionssupporting

confidence: 71%

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was reported that bilateral expression of BDNF protein was observed in the lateral vestibular nucleus, but not in the MVN, after UL in guinea pigs (Smith et al, 1998). Because the BDNF protein product can be transported to axonal terminals (Altar and DiStefano, 1998) and the MVN sends both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the lateral vestibular nucleus (Ito et al, 1985), the difference between the previous report and our present results might indicate the differential distribution of mRNA and protein product of BDNF in the vestibular nucleus. It was also reported recently that the blockage of BDNF expression by an antisense oligonucleotide in the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus had effects on the recovery of some vestibular symptoms after UL (Bolger et al, 1999).…”

contrasting

confidence: 57%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Induction in the Vestibulo-Olivary Network during Vestibular Compensation

Li¹,

Hashimoto²,

Tokuyama

et al. 2001

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vestibular compensation, which is the behavioral recovery from vestibular dysfunction produced by unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), is attributed to functional and structural reorganization of neural networks in the central vestibular system. To assess the possible contribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to this recovery process, we investigated changes in mRNA expression levels in the central vestibular system after UL. We evaluated BDNF mRNA expression levels by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization. We found that BDNF mRNA is differentially induced in the medial vestibular nucleus ipsilateral to UL and in the prepositus hypoglossi and inferior olive on the contralateral side. The BDNF mRNA induction lasted for at least 24 hr and returned to the basal expression level within 72 hr after UL. In contrast to BDNF mRNA induction, the expression of an immediate-early gene, c-fos, quickly reached the maximum level at 3 hr and decreased to the basal level within 24 hr after UL. Neither BDNF or c-fos induction was observed in sham-operated animals. The persistent induction of BDNF after UL temporally corresponded to early behavioral manifestations of vestibular compensation. We further found that trkB mRNA was expressed in the central vestibular network at high levels, although its expression levels did not change over time after UL. Because BDNF is implicated in regulating synaptic structure and function, these results provide support for the hypothesis that BDNF is involved in neuronal reorganization that allows vestibular compensation.

show abstract

“…They are (a) inhibitory burst neurones (IBNs) located in the dorsomedial medullary reticular formation which also project contralaterally to abducens motoneurones (Hikosaka & Kawakami, 1977;Hikosaka, Igusa & Jmai, 1980;Yoshida, McCrea, Berthoz & Vidal, 1982), (b) excitatory burst neurones (EBNs) located rostral to the abducens nucleus which also excite ipsilateral abducens motoneurones, and (c) prepositus hypoglossi neurones which entertain with the vestibular complex a strong reciprocal projection (McCrea & Baker, 1985) and carry both eye position and eye velocity signals (Baker, Gresty & Berthoz, 1976;Lopez-Barneo, Darlot, Berthoz & 718 VESTIBULAR NEURONES AND SACCADES Baker, 1982). But the only positive evidence for a clear inhibitory mechanism has been given by Sasaki & Shimazu (1981) and Ito, Matsuoka, Sasa & Takaori (1985), and Ito, Markham & Curthoys (1986), who have shown in the cat that EBNs project on type II vestibular nuclei neurones which in turn will inhibit type I second-order vestibular neurones. Recently E. May and R. McCrea (unpublished observations) have found three groups of cells which can contribute to the cancellation of the VOR in the vicinity of the abducens nucleus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex cancellation during rapid eye movements in the cat.

Berthoz¹,

Droulez²,

Vidal³

et al. 1989

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. The aim of the present study is to describe the behaviour of identified secondorder vestibular neurones in the alert cat during eye saccades. A selection of neurones which are involved in horizontal eye movements has been made. The activity has been compared with a selected sample of abducens motoneurones recorded in the same animals.2. Alert head-fixed cats were used for this study. Eye movements were recorded by the scleral search coil technique. Abducens motoneurones were identified by antidromic stimulation from the VIth nerve with chronically implanted electrodes.They were recorded extracellularly. 3. Second-order vestibular neurones were identified by orthodromic stimulation from the vestibular organs. They were recorded intra-axonally and injected with horseradish peroxidase after recording of their physiological characteristics. Their morphology was reconstructed from frozen sections.4. All the recorded vestibular neurones showed various amounts of eye position sensitivity. The firing rate (F) -horizontal eye position (H) characteristics are compared for abducens and vestibular neurones. The population average values are F = 33 + 4 H for motoneurones and F = 51 + 2-4 H for vestibular neurones.5. All recorded vestibular neurones showed an increase of discharge rate during contralateral horizontal saccades and a strong decrease or pause during ipsilateral saccades. Firing rate -horizontal eye velocity sensitivity has been calculated.6. Results suggest a strong inhibitory input on vestibular neurones from the saccadic generator. This mechanism underlies the suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex during saccades. Our results suggest that in the cat, for saccades of amplitude smaller than 20 deg, there is a variable degree of suppression which is provided by a projection of excitatory bursters (EBNs) on second-order vestibular neurones through inhibitory type II neurones.7. We also conclude from this study that the eye position sensitivity of vestibular second-order neurones is in fact a motor signal indicating a motor error, i.e. the amount of head or eye movement which remains to be done in order to align gaze on target with the eyes centred in the orbit.

show abstract

Commissural and ipsilateral internuclear connection of vestibular nuclear complex of the cat

Cited by 161 publications

References 10 publications

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

Medial vestibular connections with the hypocretin (orexin) system

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Induction in the Vestibulo-Olivary Network during Vestibular Compensation

Neural correlates of horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex cancellation during rapid eye movements in the cat.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About