Neural correlates of horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex cancellation during rapid eye movements in the cat.

Berthoz, Alain; Droulez, J.; Vidal, Pierre Paul; Yoshida, Kaoru

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017895

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the cat, pauses in the firing rate have been associated only with ipsilateral offdirected eye movements (McCrea et al 1980;Yoshida et al 1981;Berthoz et al 1989). However, in the present work, some premotor vestibular neurones showed pauses for both directions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…During sinusoidal stimulation, premotor PH neurones showed position and velocity sensitivities related to eye displacement, and a phase lead with respect to eye position similar to that of ABD motoneurones (Delgado-Garcia et al 1986a). Thus, PH and ABD neurones seem to share a common input from the premotor vestibular neurones (Ishizuka et al 1980;Yoshida et al 1981;McCrea & Baker, 1985;Berthoz et al 1989). However, premotor vestibular neurones presented a firing rate that was modulated mainly with eye velocity during head rotation.…”

Section: Vestibelar and Prepositus Afferents To Abducejvs 557mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the set of brainstem neurones projecting monosynaptically on ocular motoneurones. The main afferent inputs to ABD neurones are organized in reciprocal excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections (Escudero & Delgado-Garcia, 1988) arising from (i) the ipsilateral excitatory (Kaneko, Evinger & Fuchs, 1981;Strassman, Highstein & McCrea, 1986a) and the contralateral inhibitory burst neurones (Hikosaka, Igusa, Nakao & Shimazu, 1978b;Yoshida, McCrea, Berthoz & Vidal, 1982;Strassman, Highstein & McCrea, 1986b), located in the pontomedullary reticular formation; (ii) the contralateral excitatory and ipsilateral inhibitory medial vestibular neurones (Baker, Mano & Shimazu, 1969;Hikosaka, Nagao & Shimazu, 1980;McCrea, Yoshida, Berthoz & 540 VESTIBULAR AND PREPOSITUS AFFERENTS TO ABDUCENS 541 Baker, 1980;Berthoz, Droulez, Vidal & Yoshida, 1989); and (iii) the ipsilateral excitatory and contralateral inhibitory prepositus hypoglossi (PH) neurones (Escudero & Delgado-Garcia, 1988;Spencer, Wenthold & Baker, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The firing characteristics of premotor vestibular neurones, identified by means of intra-axonal labelling, have been reported to correlate with both eye position and velocity during ocular fixations and saccades, respectively (McCrea et al 1980;Yoshida, Berthoz, Vidal & McCrea, 1981;Berthoz et al 1989). Similarly, eye movement-related neurones in the PH nucleus have been classified by their firing properties, as 'velocity-position', 'position-velocity' and 'position' units (Baker, 1977;Lopez-Barneo, Darlot, Berthoz & Baker, 1982;Delgado-Garcia, Vidal, Gomez & Berthoz, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat.

Escudero

Cruz

Delgado-García

1992

The Journal of Physiology

173

112

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SUMMARY1. Vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi (PH) neurones projecting to the abducens (ABD) nucleus were recorded in the alert cat. Their discharge characteristics were analysed to ascertain the origin of the horizontal eye position signal present in ABD neurones.2. Neurones were classified according to: their location with respect to the ABD nucleus; their antidromic activation from the ABD nucleus; the synaptic field potential they induced in the ABD nucleus with the spike-triggered averaging technique; and their activity during spontaneous and vestibularly induced eye movements.3. Vestibular neurones projecting to the ABD nucleus were located in the rostral medial vestibular nucleus. They were excitatory on the contralateral and inhibitory on the ipsilateral ABD neurones. Both types of premotor vestibular neurone showed a firing rate weakly related to eye position, increasing for eye fixations in the contralateral on-direction, and decreasing with ipsilateral fixation. Position sensitivity during eye fixations was (means + S.D.) 1-8 +09 spikes s-' deg-' for excitatory neurones and 2-2 + 1-3 spikes s-I deg-' for inhibitory neurones. Firing rate exhibited a high variability during eye fixations. Their responses during saccades in the off-direction were characterized by a pause that, although less defined, was occasionally present during saccades in the on-direction. Eye velocity sensitivity during spontaneous saccades in the on-direction was 0 17 +0.15 spikes s8-deg-' s-' for excitatory neurones and 0.15 + 0-07 spikes s-' deg-' s-' for inhibitory vestibular neurones. During sinusoidal head stimulation at 0-2 Hz, vestibular neurones showed a type I discharge rate with a phase lead over eye position of 86-0 + 14-1 deg for excitatory and 80-2 + 12-5 deg for inhibitory neurones. Position sensitivity during vestibular stimulation did not differ significantly from values obtained for spontaneous eye movements. However, the velocity sensitivity of premotor vestibular neurones during head rotation was significantly higher (I1 6 + 0-2 spikes s-1 deg-' s-' for excitatory and 1-5 + 0-3 spikes s-I deg-1 s-' for inhibitory neurones) than during spontaneous eye movements.4. PH neurones projecting to the ABD nucleus were located in the rostral one- MS 1118M. ESCUJDERO AND OTHERS third of the nucleus. These neurones were excitatory on the ipsilateral and inhibitory on the contralateral ABD nucleus. Their firing rates were correlated mainly with eye position, increasing for abducting eye positions of the ipsilateral eye and decreasing with adduction movements. Eye position sensitivities were 8 2 + 2-9 and 7-9 + 2-9 spikes s-' deg-' for excitatory and inhibitory neurones, respectively. Variability of the firing rate during eye fixations was lower than that shown by premotor vestibular neurones. During saccades, premotor PH neurones showed low eye velocity sensitivity (0 15 + 021 for the excitatory and 0 32 + 028 spikes s-' deg-' s-' for the inhibitory group) with low coefficients of correlation. During vestibular sinusoidal st...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Vestibelar and Prepositus Afferents To Abducejvs 557mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat.

Escudero

Cruz

Delgado-García

1992

The Journal of Physiology

173

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In humans, the head-located vestibular system is known to participate in a number of functions that include gaze stabilization through the vestibulo-ocular reflex [18,17,134,51]. The vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes the gaze to ensure clear and stabilized vision.…”

Section: Roles Of Vestibular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Verticality Estimation During Locomotion

Farkhatdinov

Michalska

Berthoz

et al. 2013

Romansy 19 – Robot Design, Dynamics and Control

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In this thesis, a nonlinear model of the vestibular system is proposed, with special reference to humans and other locomoting animals. The vestibular system is essential for stable locomotion since it provides idiothetic measurements of spatial orientation that are needed for postural control. The model was constructed from general considerations regarding the Newton-Euler dynamics governing the three-dimensional movements of bodies constrained to oscillate in non-inertial frames, such as the otoliths, which were modeled as spherical damped pendula. Two configurations were considered. The medial model considered only one inner ear located in the center of a head. The lateral model considered two inner ears located laterally with respect to the center of rotation of the head. The differences between these two models were analyzed and the importance of having two vestibular organs discussed. To this end, a nonlinear algebraic observability test was used to verify whether the reconstruction of the head orientation with respect to the gravitational vertical was possible from otoliths measurements only. It could be shown that in order for the head vertical orientation to be observable, the head had to be stabilized during locomotion. Moreover, it was shown that the gravitoinertial ambiguity inherent to inertial idiothetic sensing could be resolved if the head was horizontally stabilized. These results were applied to solve the head vertical orientation estimation problem in the linearized case (Luenberger observer, Kalman filter) as well as in the nonlinear case (Extended Kalman filter, Newton method based observation). These observers were designed and tested in simulations. The simulations indicated that the estimation errors were smaller and the observers converged faster when head was stabilized during locomotion, leading to a nonlinear, combined observation-control system that could be stabilized with respect to the gravitational vertical based on no other information than the prior knowledge of the Newton-Euler dynamics. The results were further tested with a specifically designed experimental setup that comprised an actuated gimbal mechanism to represent the head-neck articulation and a liquid-based inclinometer that represented the otoliths organs. The findings derived from this research would be helpful for analyzing spatial perception in humans and animals, and for improving the perceptual capabilities of robotic systems, such as humanoid robots, rough terrain vehicles, or free-moving drones.Keywords: vestibular system, head-neck system, nonlinear system, observation, estimation, verticality, spatial perception, locomotion, humanoid robot. 3 RésuméDans cette thèse, nous proposons un modèle non-linéaire du système vestibulaire, en particulier chez l'humain et autres animaux mobiles. Le système vestibulaire est essentiel pour une locomotion stable dans la mesure où il fournit des mesures idiothétiques d'orientation spatiale nécessairesà la stabilité posturale. Le développement du modèle est basé sur l...

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Anatomical and pharmacological relationship between acetylcholine and nitric oxide in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus of the cat: Functional implications for eye‐movement control

Márquez-Ruiz¹,

Morcuende²,

Navarro‐López³

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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The prepositus hypoglossi (PH) nucleus has been proposed as a pivotal structure for horizontal eye-position generation in the oculomotor system. Recent studies have revealed that acetylcholine (ACh) in the PH nucleus could mediate the persistent activity necessary for this process, although the origin of this ACh remains unknown. It is also known that nitric oxide (NO) in the PH nucleus plays an important role in the control of velocity balance, being involved in a negative feedback control of tonic signals arriving at the PH nucleus. As it could be expected that neurons taking part in eye-position generation must control their tonic background inputs, the existence of a relationship between nitrergic and cholinergic neurons is hypothesized. In the present study we analyzed the distribution, size, and morphology of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons, and their relationship with neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the PH nucleus of the cat. As presumed, some 96% of cholinergic neurons were also nitrergic in the PH nucleus, suggesting that NO is regulating the level of ACh released by cholinergic PH neurons. Furthermore, we studied the alterations induced by muscarinic-receptor agonists and antagonists on spontaneous and vestibularly induced eye movements in the alert cat and compared them with those induced in previous studies by modification of NO levels in the same animal preparation. The results suggest that ACh is necessary for the generation of saccadic and vestibular eye-position signals, whereas the NO is stabilizing the eye-position generator by controlling background activity reaching cholinergic neurons in the PH nucleus.

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Neural correlates of horizontal vestibulo‐ocular reflex cancellation during rapid eye movements in the cat.

Cited by 36 publications

References 65 publications

A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat.

A physiological study of vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi neurones projecting to the abducens nucleus in the alert cat.

Modeling Verticality Estimation During Locomotion

Anatomical and pharmacological relationship between acetylcholine and nitric oxide in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus of the cat: Functional implications for eye‐movement control

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