Commercial trials evaluating the novel use of ethyl formate for in-transit fumigation of shipping containers

Coetzee, Eugene Marco; Newman, J.; Coupland, Grey T.; Thomas, Melissa L.; Merwe, Justin van der; Ren, Yonglin; McKirdy, Simon

doi:10.1080/03601234.2019.1631101

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the present study, it took only 10 min to reach less than the TLV of 100 ppm, and no EF residue was detected at 1 h after ventilation. In the other study, EF did not exhibit any detectable risk to the public, truck drivers, or workers from 2-day exposure [36]. EF treated in the in-transit containers or inside the cab of the truck was not detected in the environment, and there was minimal risk to workers when the containers were ventilated after a 2-day journey.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Worker Safety In Ef Fumigationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest Halyomorpha halys on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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With an increase in the international trade of agricultural and non-agricultural products, there is an increase in the possibility of introducing hitchhiking insect pests such as Halyomorpha halys, which has been detected on imported vehicles and agricultural machinery. Although methyl bromide (MB) is provisionally used to control invasive pests, it is classified as a restricted chemical owing to its potential to deplete the ozone layer and pose health risks to humans in cases of inadequate ventilation, as well as concerns regarding consumer safety. Therefore, this study investigated ethyl formate’s (EF’s) efficacy against H. halys and its efficacy and sorption, as an alternative to MB, on main electronic components, including alternators, ignition coils, and motors. Fumigation with 35 and 70 g/m3 EF for 4 h at 15 °C had no damage on the main electronic components as evaluated using various operation tests. In a commercial trial, H. halys infestation was effectively controlled with 35 g/m3 EF fumigated for 4 h at 23 °C using a 30 m3 polyvinyl chloride tarpaulin fumigation chamber. After ventilation, the EF concentration decreased below the safety level within 10 min and reached the zero level within 40 min for worker safety. This novel sanitary treatment using EF fumigation on imported agricultural machinery could be an effective method without causing mechanical damage.

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Section: Evaluation Of Worker Safety In Ef Fumigationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest Halyomorpha halys on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…No. 109-94-4) is a commonly used compound as insecticide and antimicrobial agent of natural origin (Coetzee et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2018). In this sense, Zaitoon et al (2021), delayed the appearance and growth of microorganisms that could affect the quality and conditions of fresh strawberries for at least 10 days of storage at 5 °C, in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers with ethyl formate encapsulated in ethylcellulose / polyethylene oxide fabrics.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Research and Development to Increase Shelf Life and Safety of Packaged Foods

Montero-Prado

Morales²

2022

Agron. Mesoam.

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Introducción. El envasado de alimentos ha jugado un papel importante y variado, siempre de acuerdo con los requisitos y exigencias del mercado. Actualmente, estas necesidades se centran en el objetivo de tener alimentos seguros e inocuos durante el mayor tiempo posible. Para ello, se ha ampliado el estudio y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para el envasado de alimentos, que proporcionan las condiciones y características necesarias para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Objetivo. Presentar los avances más recientes en el campo del envasado de alimentos (activo e inteligente), incluyendo las perspectivas del impacto económico alcanzado y su correspondiente proyección futura. Desarrollo. Este trabajo presenta diferentes técnicas y criterios que se consideran utilizados para proponer el concepto de envasado activo, que cuenta con las condiciones necesarias para el suministro o supresión de sustancias o componentes generados en el mismo y que contribuyen a la conservación y deterioro de los alimentos contenidos. Al mismo tiempo, se presenta la tecnología conocida como embalaje inteligente, dotada de los recursos necesarios para monitorizar, e interpretar el estado interno del envase, comunicando esta situación fuera del mismo. En ambos casos, se promueve el uso de agentes o compuestos de origen natural para minimizar sus implicaciones sobre la salud y la modificación de los alimentos implicados. Conclusiones. La generación de envases activos e inteligentes requiere una evaluación individual de cada alimento específico, frente a los componentes utilizados. Conocer las concentraciones, según la característica que se requiera controlar, y así, comprender las posibles interacciones que se pueden producir entre el contenido y el recipiente que lo contiene.

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“…31 To suppress its flammability, EF has been mixed with carbon dioxide or nitrogen gases in compressed cylinders for fumigation applications of food commodities. 32,33 Although these approaches are attractive for large enclosed space fumigation, it is inefficient to provide controlled release attributes of these gases for in-package fumigation. Moreover, compressed gas cylinders are inconvenient to transport and store.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethyl formate is highly volatile, flammable, and susceptible to hydrolytic degradation in the air 31 . To suppress its flammability, EF has been mixed with carbon dioxide or nitrogen gases in compressed cylinders for fumigation applications of food commodities 32,33 . Although these approaches are attractive for large enclosed space fumigation, it is inefficient to provide controlled release attributes of these gases for in‐package fumigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliquescence‐induced release of ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide from their precursors‐loaded sachets for in‐package fumigation of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)

Zaitoon,

Jabeen,

Singh

et al. 2024

Packag Technol Sci

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The toxicity and environmental concerns of methyl bromide (MB) have been a significant impetus for research into environmentally benign fumigant alternatives. Ethyl formate (EF) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are FDA‐approved agents with potential as alternatives to MB. However, both are chemically unstable and pose considerable end‐use challenges. In this study, we developed moisture‐activated sachets for EF and ClO2 to facilitate their end‐use deployment for in‐package fumigation. The sachets were loaded with EF or ClO2 metastable precursors, citric acid (CA), and a deliquescent salt carrier (e.g., CaCl2 or NaCl). When placed in an elevated relative humidity environment, these combinations activate the release of EF or ClO2 gases, separately. The deliquescence lowering phenomenon and its effect on fumigants release rate were investigated when mixing CA with CaCl2 or NaCl. The mutual deliquescence relative humidity for CA–CaCl2 and CA–NaCl mixtures were 40% and 63%, respectively. CaCl2 enhanced the release rate of fumigants from their sachets, whereas NaCl resulted in a slower release rate. EF and ClO2 sachets were evaluated for fumigation of different life stages of spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Complete control of SWD adults was achieved after exposure to 10.1 mg·h/L EF, while eggs, larval, and pupal stages were more tolerant toward EF vapour and required 110.2 mg·h/L EF to achieve control. ClO2 at low concentrations was more effective than EF against all SWD life stages, excluding pupae. Complete mortality was achieved after fumigating SWD adults, eggs, and larvae with 0.73, 2.39, and 1.21 mg·h/L ClO2, respectively. These results indicated that both EF and ClO2 sachets could be employed safely for EF and ClO2 in‐packaging fumigation to control produce pests.

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Commercial trials evaluating the novel use of ethyl formate for in-transit fumigation of shipping containers

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest Halyomorpha halys on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery

Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest Halyomorpha halys on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery

Recent Advances in Research and Development to Increase Shelf Life and Safety of Packaged Foods

Deliquescence‐induced release of ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide from their precursors‐loaded sachets for in‐package fumigation of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)

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