Comments on the use of buckminsterfullerene encapsulated in zeolite Y as a potential catalyst

Hutchings, Graham J.; Cairns, Ian T.; Saberi, Stephen P.

doi:10.1007/bf00813679

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports have described the adsorption of C 60 in faujasite-type zeolites assuming the internal location of fullerene molecules without providing direct experimental evidence supporting the incorporation inside the pores. [31][32][33][34][35][36] These reports appear to be contradictory with the need of employing extra large pore zeotypes claimed by different authors. 28,29 In our case, adsorption was carried out by heating progressively under reduced pressure (1 Torr) a mechanical mixture of C 60 and hydrated NaY (Si/Al ) 2.4) up to the corresponding temperature that was maintained for 1 h. The range of final temperatures studied was between 400 and 750 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

et al. 1997

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A series of vapor-phase adsorptions of C60 on NaY zeolite have been carried out under reduced pressure (1 Torr) in the range of temperatures between 400 and 700 °C to determine whether C60-fullerene (0.79 nm diameter) can be incorporated within the internal voids of faujasites (tridirectional large-pore zeolite containing supercavities of 1.3 nm diameter tetrahedrally connected through 0.74 nm windows). After the incorporation procedure, the samples were submitted to exhaustive solid−liquid extraction using toluene as solvent. The optimum adsorption temperature was found to be around 650 °C. Analogous treatment using silica−alumina instead of NaY did not lead to significant retention of C60. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, combustion chemical analysis, and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry as well as by diffuse reflectance, Fourier transform infrared, and magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopies. None of these techniques provides direct evidence of the location of C60 in the zeolite matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations of the faujasite cavity window vibrations at different temperatures (100−800 °C) show that although there are remarkable instantaneous variations in the pore diameter (some of them allowing the entrance of fullerene molecules), the vibrations are too rapid (in the ps time scale) to allow the complete passage of fullerene. Interestingly, the average pore diameter of the faujasite cavity windows are predicted to be rather insensitive to increasing temperatures. Finally, high-resolution electron microscopy has experimentally revealed that fullerene molecules are highly dispersed through the zeolite particles, and in certain regions there are some preferential spatial arrangements of C60. In addition, the presence of weak new reflections in the electron diffractogram pattern of C60-doped NaY (forbidden for a Fd3̄m symmetry such as Y zeolite) was observed. This has been taken as an experimental evidence that a small fraction of C60 molecules has penetrated inside the supercages, showing a spatial order and changing the zeolite symmetry. Meanwhile, most of the C60 molecules are located in the open cavities at the external surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

et al. 1997

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“…The complexity of interactions in heterogeneous catalysts, particularly in hydrogenation reactions, [31] often leads to unexpected effects from promoters [32] . Addressing these complexities typically requires significant resources and conducting numerous in‐situ characterizations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data‐driven Design of Enhanced In‐based Catalyst for CO₂ to Methanol Reaction

Khatamirad

Fako

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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The environmental impact of unsustainable CO2 emissions calls for immediate action. One of the main methods for large‐scale reduction of CO2 emissions is conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable feedstocks like energy carriers or chemicals. Realization of this goal requires catalysts showing high‐performance characteristics under the relevant industrial conditions. In recent years, In2O3‐based catalysts have been discussed as target materials for conversion of CO2 to methanol in the presence of hydrogen. Optimization of this catalytic system via conventional routes requires massive resources in terms of extensive testing, synthesis, and characterization. In our study, we take an alternative approach and exploit high‐throughput computation to create a database for oxygen vacancy formation energy and explore a large number of candidates, which motivates the selection of a subset of materials for the synthesis of bulk and supported catalysts, to be tested in hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The method shows the impact, as results show improved performance for selected candidates, compared to the reference In2O3‐system. This confirms the potential of the selected descriptors as criteria for a new way of targeted design of alternative catalysts.

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“…IPC class B01J21 contains catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of Mg, B, Al, C, Si, Ti, Zr or Hf.W hile these elements are usuallyn ot the active components in hydrogenation catalysts,t hey are often used as supports for noble metals to produce an active hydrogenation catalyst or as promoters.T he pure,c atalytically active material -e veni na highly porous form -wouldhave alot of precious material located at the inside andt hus not available as a catalytic entity.F or this reason,c atalytically active material is spread out on as uitable supporting (inactive) material that can increase the contact area of the active sites with the reactionm edium, which greatly improvesthe catalystscost efficiency.Promoters are ingredients that are not catalytically active but enhance ac atalystsp erformance,s electivity,o rl ifetime. [37] Thep atentinga ctivitiesf or elements in the IPC class B01J21 are in decreasing order:A l, C, Si, combinations of Si and Al, and Ti.T hese are typical supporting materials for heterogeneous catalysts, since they are readily available materials.…”

Section: 311supporting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Trends of Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions: A Patent Landscape Analysis

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the patent landscape for catalysts used in hydrogenation reactions. Based on patent data extracted from PatBase®, we use predefined patent classifications as well as a keyword‐based search for our analyses. The results indicate that the number of patent families that protect heterogeneous catalysts grows twice as fast as that for their homogeneous counterparts. Furthermore, the data show a shift towards abundant and non‐toxic elements in heterogeneous catalysis, while the noble metals continue to dominate the patent landscape of homogeneous catalysis. A subsequent geographical analysis reveals that the high growth rates in heterogeneous catalysis, especially for nickel and iron, are driven by China. Conversely, patenting activities with regard to homogeneous catalysts mainly take place in the USA, the EU, and Japan. The subsequent keyword‐based search illustrates the continuous industrial relevance of enantioselective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation, as well as the rapidly increasing body of patents in hydrodeoxygenation. Setting these finding into context, we present and apply two concepts that are commonly used in patent analyses, namely the technology life cycle and the S‐curve. We conclude that hydrogenation catalysis has not reached its peak economic relevance yet and will continue to spark valuable patents and innovations in the future.

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Comments on the use of buckminsterfullerene encapsulated in zeolite Y as a potential catalyst

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

Data‐driven Design of Enhanced In‐based Catalyst for CO₂ to Methanol Reaction

Technology Trends of Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions: A Patent Landscape Analysis

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Comments on the use of buckminsterfullerene encapsulated in zeolite Y as a potential catalyst

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C60 in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C60 in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

Data‐driven Design of Enhanced In‐based Catalyst for CO2 to Methanol Reaction

Technology Trends of Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions: A Patent Landscape Analysis

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On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

On the Incorporation of Buckminsterfullerene C₆₀ in the Supercages of Zeolite Y

Data‐driven Design of Enhanced In‐based Catalyst for CO₂ to Methanol Reaction