Comments on paper by John S. Rinehart, ‘Fluctuations in geyser activity caused by Earth tidal forces, barometric pressure, and tectonic stresses’

White, Donald E.; Marler, George D.

doi:10.1029/jb077i029p05825

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although one week of data may not be enough to establish a clear correlation, El Jefe Geyser does not show variation of the IBE related to external stress changes, consistent with measurements at geysers in Yellowstone (White and Marler, 1972;Rojstaczer et al, 2003;Hurwitz et al, 2014). Pressure perturbations greater than 3 × 10 2 Pa may thus be required to affect the IBE of El Jefe.…”

Section: Modulation Of the Ibesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Some geysers in Yellowstone respond to local and remote earthquakes (Marler, 1964;Rinehart and Murphy, 1969;Marler and White, 1975;Hutchinson, 1985;Husen et al, 2004a,b;Manga and Brodsky, 2006;Hurwitz et al, 2014). The responses of geysers to non-seismic strain (Earth tides, barometric pressure), and weather (atmospheric temperature, rainfall and wind) vary between geysers (e.g., Rinehart, 1972;White and Marler, 1972;Rojstaczer et al, 2003;Hurwitz et al, 2008Hurwitz et al, , 2012Hurwitz et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Muñoz-Sáez

Manga

Hurwitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Despite more than 200 years of scientific study, the internal dynamics of geyser systems remain poorly characterized. As a consequence, there remain fundamental questions about what processes initiate and terminate eruptions, and where eruptions begin. Over a one-week period in October 2012, we collected down-hole measurements of pressure and temperature in the conduit of an exceptionally regular geyser (132 s/cycle) located in the Chilean desert. We identified four stages in the geyser cycle: (1) recharge of water into the conduit after an eruption, driven by the pressure difference between water in the conduit and in a deeper reservoir; (2) a pre-eruptive stage that follows the recharge and is dominated by addition of steam from below; (3) the eruption, which occurs by rapid boiling of a large mass of water at the top of the water column, and decompression that propagates boiling conditions downward; and (4) a relaxation stage during which pressure and temperature decrease until conditions preceding the recharge stage are restored. Eruptions are triggered by the episodic addition of steam coming from depth, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruptions are dominated by geometrical and thermodynamic complexities in the conduit and reservoir. Further evidence favoring the dominance of internal processes in controlling periodicity is also provided by the absence of responses of the geyser to environmental perturbations (air pressure, temperature and probably also Earth tides).

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Section: Modulation Of the Ibesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Muñoz-Sáez

Manga

Hurwitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…The variable and sometimes contrasting response of geysers to external influences is a reminder that "no two [geysers] are alike" (White & Marler 1972). There are nevertheless some common themes: Pool geysers may be more sensitive to temperature and wind because there is a larger surface area for heat and mass transfer.…”

Section: Response Of Geysers To External Influencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hurwitz et al (2014) analyzed the eruption records from two geysers at Yellowstone: the pool geyser Daisy (>37,000 eruptions) and the cone geyser Old Faithful (>58,000 eruptions) (both geysers are shown in Figure 3). Previous studies drew conflicting conclusions that these geysers are (Rinehart 1972a,b) or are not (White & Marler 1972, Rojstaczer et al 2003 sensitive to solid Earth tides and variations in barometric pressure. With the larger data set, neither geyser was found to be sensitive to strains from solid Earth tides or barometric pressure variations (Figure 12).…”

Section: Response Of Geysers To External Influencesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Hurwitz

Manga

2017

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Geysers episodically erupt liquid and vapor. Despite two centuries of scientific study, basic questions persist-why do geysers exist? What determines eruption intervals, durations, and heights? What initiates eruptions? Through monitoring eruption intervals, analyzing geophysical data, taking measurements within geyser conduits, performing numerical simulations, and constructing laboratory models, some of these questions have been addressed. Geysers are uncommon because they require a combination of abundant water recharge, magmatism, and rhyolite flows to supply heat and silica, and large fractures and cavities overlain by low-permeability materials to trap rising multiphase and multicomponent fluids. Eruptions are driven by the conversion of thermal to kinetic energy during decompression. Larger and deeper cavities permit larger eruptions and promote regularity by isolating water from weather variations. The ejection velocity may be limited by the speed of sound of the liquid + vapor mixture.

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“…Rinehart [1972,1980] There is fairly good evidence for decreasing discharge with increasing barometric pressure from Steamboat Springs, Nevada [White, 1967]. Rinehart [1972] suggested that the geyser at Calistoga, California, was influenced by seasonal changes in barometric pressure, but White and Marler [1972] interpreted the Calistoga response as a recharge effect. Our simulation results do provide a framework for considering the response of natural geysers to small, external strains.…”

Section: Basic Geyser Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation

Ingebritsen¹,

Rojstaczer²

1996

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Numerical simulations of multiphase fluid and heat transport through a porous medium define combinations of rock properties and boundary conditions which lead to geyser-like periodic discharge. Within the rather narrow range of conditions that allow geyser-like behavior, eruption frequency and discharge are highly sensitive to the intrinsic permeabilities of the geyser conduit and the surrounding rock matrix, to the relative permeability functions assumed, and to pressure gradients in the matrix. In theory, heat pipes (concomitant upward flow of steam and downward flow of liquid) can exist under similar conditions, but our simulations suggest that the periodic solution is more stable. Simulated time series of geyser discharge are chaotic, but integrated quantities such as eruption frequency and mass discharge per eruption are free of chaos. These results may explain the observed sensitivity of natural geysers to small strains such as those caused by remote earthquakes, if ground motion is sufficient to induce permeability changes. Changes in geyser behavior caused by minor preseismic deformation, periodic surface loading, and Earth tides are more difficult to explain in the context of our current model.

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Comments on paper by John S. Rinehart, ‘Fluctuations in geyser activity caused by Earth tidal forces, barometric pressure, and tectonic stresses’

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio geyser field, Atacama Desert, Chile

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation

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