Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation

Ingebritsen, Steven E.; Rojstaczer, Stuart

doi:10.1029/96jb02285

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Uncontroversial is the observation that regional and distant earthquakes can change the IBE (e.g., Marler 1964, Marler & White 1975, Hutchinson 1985, Husen et al 2004 or initiate a switch from a unimodal to a bimodal IBE (Silver & Valette-Silver 1992). Nearby geysers can also influence each other-through pressure changes in the subsurface (e.g., Ingebritsen & Rojstaczer 1996, Munoz-Saez et al 2015b. Based on several years of continuous data, it was shown that several of Yellowstone's geysers display seasonal cycles of eruption intervals resulting from variations in the hydrological cycle and/or weather (Marler 1954;Hurwitz et al 2008Hurwitz et al , 2012.…”

Section: Response Of Geysers To External Influencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Hurwitz

Manga

2017

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Geysers episodically erupt liquid and vapor. Despite two centuries of scientific study, basic questions persist-why do geysers exist? What determines eruption intervals, durations, and heights? What initiates eruptions? Through monitoring eruption intervals, analyzing geophysical data, taking measurements within geyser conduits, performing numerical simulations, and constructing laboratory models, some of these questions have been addressed. Geysers are uncommon because they require a combination of abundant water recharge, magmatism, and rhyolite flows to supply heat and silica, and large fractures and cavities overlain by low-permeability materials to trap rising multiphase and multicomponent fluids. Eruptions are driven by the conversion of thermal to kinetic energy during decompression. Larger and deeper cavities permit larger eruptions and promote regularity by isolating water from weather variations. The ejection velocity may be limited by the speed of sound of the liquid + vapor mixture.

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Section: Response Of Geysers To External Influencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Hurwitz

Manga

2017

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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“…However, local seismicity could have changed fluid flow within the hydrothermal reservoirs, and consequently affected the recharge rates of individual geysers. Although geyser eruption intervals are largely independent of recharge rates (Ingebritsen and Rojstaczer, 1996), mass discharge per eruption cycle is quite sensitive to mass recharge into the geyser. Unfortunately, we are not able to estimate mass discharges, because only information on water temperatures in the runoff channels is available.…”

Section: Figure 2 Geyser Eruption Intervals Of Daisy Geyser In Uppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in geyser eruption behavior and remotely triggered seismicity in Yellowstone National Park produced by the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska

Husen

Taylor

Smith

et al. 2004

Geol

143

120

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Following the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, clear changes in geyser activity and a series of local earthquake swarms were observed in the Yellowstone National Park area, despite the large distance of 3100 km from the epicenter. Several geysers altered their eruption frequency within hours after the arrival of large-amplitude surface waves from the Denali fault earthquake. In addition, earthquake swarms occurred close to major geyser basins. These swarms were unusual compared to past seismicity in that they occurred simultaneously at different geyser basins. We interpret these observations as being induced by dynamic stresses associated with the arrival of large-amplitude surface waves. We suggest that in a hydrothermal system dynamic stresses can locally alter permeability by unclogging existing fractures, thereby changing geyser activity. Furthermore, we suggest that earthquakes were triggered by the redistribution of hydrothermal fluids and locally increased pore pressures. Although changes in geyser activity and earthquake triggering have been documented elsewhere, here we present evidence for changes in a hydrothermal system induced by a large-magnitude event at a great distance, and evidence for the important role hydrothermal systems play in remotely triggering seismicity.

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“…This code simulates thermal energy transport in two or three-dimensional, multi-phase (liquid and steam), groundwater, single fluid component (pure water) flow systems, and it has been used in different hydrothermal settings (e.g. Ingebritsen and Rojstaczer 1996;Hurwitz et al 2003). The two partial differential equations solved by the code are the water-component flow equation and the thermal-energy transport equation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual and numerical models of a tectonically-controlled geothermal system: a case study of the Euganean Geothermal System, Northern Italy

Pola¹,

Fabbri²,

Piccinini³

et al. 2015

Central European Geology

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The Euganean Geothermal Field (EGF) is the most important thermal field in northern Italy. It is located in the alluvial plain of the Veneto Region where approximately 17*10 6 m 3 of thermal water with temperatures of 60-86 °C are exploited annually. A regional-scale conceptual model of the Euganean Geothermal System is proposed in this paper using the available hydrogeologic, geochemical and structural data for both the EGF and central Veneto. The thermal water is of meteoric origin and infiltrates approximately 80 km to the north of the EGF in the Veneto Prealps. The water flows to the south in a Mesozoic limestone and dolomite reservoir reaching a depth of approximately 3,000 m and a temperature of approximately 100 °C due to the normal geothermal gradient. The regional Schio-Vicenza fault system and its highly permeable damage zone act as a preferential path for fluid migration in the subsurface. In the EGF area, a geologic structure formed by the interaction of different segments of the fault system increases the local fracturing and the permeability favoring the upwelling of the thermal waters. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the proposed conceptual model using a finite difference code that simulates thermal energy transport in hydrothermal systems. A specific configuration of thermal conductivity and permeability for the formations involved in the thermal system is obtained after calibration of these parameters. This set of parameters is verified in a long-term simulation (55,100 years) obtaining a 60-70 °C plume in the EGF area. The modeled temperatures approach the measured temperatures of 60-86 °C, demonstrating that this conceptual model can be realistically simulated.

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Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions

Changes in geyser eruption behavior and remotely triggered seismicity in Yellowstone National Park produced by the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska

Conceptual and numerical models of a tectonically-controlled geothermal system: a case study of the Euganean Geothermal System, Northern Italy

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