Commentary on the Paper of Walther L. et al.: Phosphatidylethanol Is Superior to <scp>CDT</scp> and <scp>GGT</scp> as an Alcohol Marker and Is a Reliable Estimate of Alcohol Consumption Level

Weinmann, Wolfgang; Schröck, Alexandra; Wurst, Friedrich Martin

doi:10.1111/acer.12946

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is especially common for studies performed within clinical settings not to have a prior period of abstinence . Whether the amount of alcohol consumed was identified by quantity alone (e.g., three to five drinks per day) or dosed according to body weight (e.g., 1 g of alcohol/kg of body weight), or to attain a particular calculated BAC. Whether the data were based on patient self‐report or carefully administered and monitored alcohol dosages. The comparison of nominally similar groupings that are in fact quite different (e.g., “moderate” drinking may be 1–2 drinks/day or 1–5 drinks/per day). As Weinmann et al point out, the somewhat arbitrary cutoff points or ranges used to define such levels make it difficult to compare studies. Because much of the work on PEth is done in Europe, the differences in the manner research are reported in Europe and in the United States needs to be appreciated. A “standard” drink in Europe contains 12 g of alcohol.…”

Section: The Peth Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

Ulwelling¹,

Smith²

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

110

115

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Testing for phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a relatively new tool for detecting and grossly quantifying a person's use of alcohol in a variety of security, medical, and legal environments. The basic chemistry of PEth is explained with a particular focus on factors that make it highly suitable as a biomarker for alcohol use in such situations. This article meets the need for a literature review that synthesizes PEth laboratory findings and suggests updated guidelines for interpretation. Several ethanol biomarkers have been used for detection or monitoring alcohol use but have significant limitations. Based on this review, the authors propose three guidelines for evaluating PEth values: Light or no Consumption (<20 ng/mL), Significant Consumption (20-199 ng/mL), and Heavy Consumption (>200 ng/mL). These guidelines are important in employment and security environments, but also have applicability in such diverse activities as alcohol treatment programs, organ transplant decisions, and monitoring impaired medical professionals.

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Section: The Peth Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

Ulwelling¹,

Smith²

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

110

115

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“…The synthesis of PEth is directly proportional to the concentration of EtOH located at the site of PLD (Weinmann et al., ). The rate of absorption of EtOH from the intestine impacts PEth formation and may vary widely between persons (Javors et al., ).…”

Section: Peth Formation and Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of PEth formation is a measure of PLD activity and represents PLD concentration; PLD activity can have large interindividual variation (Aradottir et al., ). A better understanding of this variability may explain PEth variability and might be used to normalize PEth measurements (Weinmann et al., ) in the future.…”

Section: Peth Formation and Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation, Elimination, Interpretation, and Future Research Needs of Phosphatidylethanol for Research Studies and Clinical Practice

Hahn

Anton

Javors

2016

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…It may help to explain the high variability of PEth concentrations and compositions observed when measuring different tissue samples from post mortem cases (10). It is known, that the PC composition may vary with the diet or within different tissues (15)(16)(17), however detailed research about PEth formation has been missing so far. Kinetic assessments investigating the potential of PEth formation within animal tissue could furthermore provide an alternative to in-vivo animal studies, where animals are fed with an alcohol solution for several days and sacrificed afterwards (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of phosphatidylethanol from endogenous phosphatidylcholines in animal tissues from pig, calf, and goat

Luginbühl

Willem

Schürch

et al. 2018

Forensic Science International

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In the presence of alcohol, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is transformed to the direct alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) and dependent on substrate availability. As recent methods have solely focused on the determination of PEth, information about the PC composition was generally missing. To address this issue and monitor PC (16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2) and PEth (16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2) simultaneously, a reversed phase LC-MS/MS method based on a C8 core-shell column, coupled to a Sciex 5500 QTrap instrument was developed. By application of polarity switching, at first, PC was measured in ESI positive SRM mode, while PEth was determined at a later stage in ESI negative SRM mode. The PEth method was validated for human blood samples to show its robustness and subsequently applied for the investigation of systematic in vitro PEth formation in animal tissue samples (brain, kidney, liver, and blood) from a pig, a calf, and a goat. Homogenized tissue was incubated at 37°C with varying ethanol concentrations from 1 to 7g/kg (determined by HS-GC-FID) for 5h, whereby a sample was taken every 30min. For all tissue samples, an increase in PEth was measurable. PEth concentrations formed in blood remained below the LLOQ, in agreement with literature. Data analysis of Michaelis-Menten kinetics and PC within the tissue provided a detailed insight about PEth formation, as the occurrence of PEth species can be linked to the observed PC composition. The results of this study show that PEth formation rates vary from tissue to tissue and among different species. Furthermore, new recommendations for PEth analysis are presented.

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Commentary on the Paper of Walther L. et al.: Phosphatidylethanol Is Superior to CDT and GGT as an Alcohol Marker and Is a Reliable Estimate of Alcohol Consumption Level

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

The Formation, Elimination, Interpretation, and Future Research Needs of Phosphatidylethanol for Research Studies and Clinical Practice

Formation of phosphatidylethanol from endogenous phosphatidylcholines in animal tissues from pig, calf, and goat

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