Comment on “Missing gas-phase source of HONO inferred from Zeppelin measurements in the troposphere”

Ye, Chunxiang; Zhou, Xianliang; Pu, Dennis; Stutz, J.; Festa, James; Spolaor, Max; Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Haggerty, Julie

doi:10.1126/science.aaa1992

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Also the photolysis of nitrophenols or similar compounds (Bejan et al, 2006) is meaningful only in polluted areas, where concentrations of these precursors are high. Finally, the gas-phase HONO source by the reaction of HO 2 · H 2 O complexes with NO 2 , recently postulated by Li et al (2014), could not be confirmed by the same group in simulation chamber experiments (Li et al, 2015) and is also in conflict with recent aircraft measurements (Ye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Diurnal fluxes of HONO above a crop rotation

Laufs¹,

Cazaunau²,

Stella³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) fluxes were measured above an agricultural field site near Paris during different seasons. Above bare soil, different crops were measured using the aerodynamic gradient (AG) method. Two LOPAPs (LOng Path Absorption Photometer) were used to determine the HONO gradients between two heights. During daytime mainly positive HONO fluxes were observed, which showed strong correlation with the product of the NO 2 concentration and the long wavelength UV light intensity, expressed by the photolysis frequency J (NO 2 ). These results are consistent with HONO formation by photosensitized heterogeneous conversion of NO 2 on soil surfaces as observed in recent laboratory studies. An additional influence of the soil temperature on the HONO flux can be explained by the temperature-dependent HONO adsorption on the soil surface. A parameterization of the HONO flux at this location with NO 2 concentration, J (NO 2 ), soil temperature and humidity fits reasonably well all flux observations at this location.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Diurnal fluxes of HONO above a crop rotation

Laufs¹,

Cazaunau²,

Stella³

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The WRF-Chem model version 3.2.1 (Grell et al, 2005;Fast et al, 2006), with the CBM-Z (Zaveri and Peters, 1999) and the MOSAIC (Zaveri et al, 2008,), was used in this study. The detailed physical and chemical schemes for the simulations can be found in Tang et al (2014).…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Li et al (2014) proposed an assumed HONO source through the reaction between NO 2 and the hydroperoxyl-water complex (HO 2 q H 2 O), and suggested that the impact of HONO on hydrogen oxide radicals (HO x ) budget could be overestimated because this source mechanism consumed HO x radicals. However, Ye et al (2015) argued that the HONO yield for the reaction above is too small (with an upper-limit yield of 0.03) to explain the observation of HONO in the study of Li et al (2014), and Li et al (2015) agreed that the reaction of HO 2 q H 2 O + NO 2 is not a significant HONO source, suggesting that HONO remains an important net OH precursor, as demonstrated by many field studies (e.g., Acker et al, 2006) and our simulations.…”

Section: P Unknown Impacts On the Budgets Of Oh Ho 2 And Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of an unknown daytime HONO source on the mixing ratio and budget of HONO, and hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and organic peroxy radicals, in the coastal regions of China

Tang

Wang

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Many field experiments have found high nitrous acid (HONO) mixing ratios in both urban and rural areas during daytime, but these high daytime HONO mixing ratios cannot be explained well by gas-phase production, HONO emissions, and nighttime hydrolysis conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on aerosols, suggesting that an unknown daytime HONO source (P unknown ) could exist. The formula P unknown ≈ 19.60[NO 2 ] · J (NO 2 ) was obtained using observed data from 13 field experiments across the globe. The three additional HONO sources (i.e., the P unknown , nighttime hydrolysis conversion of NO 2 on aerosols, and HONO emissions) were coupled into the WRF-Chem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) to assess the P unknown impacts on the concentrations and budgets of HONO and peroxy (hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and organic peroxy) radicals (RO x ) (= OH + HO 2 + RO 2 ) in the coastal regions of China. Results indicated that the additional HONO sources produced a significant improvement in HONO and OH simulations, particularly in the daytime. High daytime average P unknown values were found in the coastal regions of China, with a maximum of 2.5 ppb h −1 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The P unknown produced a 60-250 % increase of OH, HO 2 , and RO 2 near the ground in the major cities of the coastal regions of China, and a 5-48 % increase of OH, HO 2 , and RO 2 in the daytime meridionalmean mixing ratios within 1000 m above the ground. When the three additional HONO sources were included, the photolysis of HONO was the second most important source in the OH production rate in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou before 10:00 LST with a maximum of 3.72 ppb h −1 and a corresponding P unknown contribution of 3.06 ppb h −1 in Beijing, whereas the reaction of HO 2 + NO (nitric oxide) was dominant after 10:00 LST with a maximum of 9.38 ppb h −1 and a corresponding P unknown contribution of 7.23 ppb h −1 in Beijing. The whole RO x cycle was accelerated by the three additional HONO sources, especially the P unknown . The daytime average OH production rate was enhanced by 0.67 due to the three additional HONO sources; [0.64]

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“…Other potential homogeneous sources are under discussion and review. For example, Li et al (2014) proposed an internal source of HONO that consumed nitrogen oxides, although follow up discussion and further experiments indicate the source was likely strongly overestimated (Li et al, 2015;Ye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%