Comment on empirical evidence for the design of public lighting

2018

LEUKOS

Self Cite

Do responses gained using category rating accurately reflect respondents' true evaluations of an item? "True" in this sense means that they have a real opinion about the issue, rather than being compelled by the survey to speculate an opinion, and that the strength of that opinion is faithfully captured. This article describes some common issues that suggest that it should not be simply assumed that a response gained using category rating reflects a true evaluation. That assumption requires an experiment to have been carefully designed and interpreted, and examples are shown where this is not the case. The article offers recommendations for good practice.

Section: Range Equalizing Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Category Rating to Evaluate the Lit Environment: Is a Meaningful Opinion Captured?

2018

LEUKOS

Self Cite

“…Stimulus range refers to the minimum and maximum glare source luminances. While it is expected that stimulus range would bias evaluations of discomfort, having been demonstrated in investigations of reassurance and brightness [Fotios and Castleton, 2016, Fotios 2016, as yet there do not appear to be data investigating this in the context of discomfort from glare: further work is required.…”

Section: Stimulus Range Bias and Order Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Discomfort from Glare: Recommendations for Good Practice

Kent

2020

LEUKOS

This article presents a review of the methods used for subjective evaluation of discomfort from glare, focusing on the two procedures most frequently used in past researchadjustment and category rating. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that some aspects of these procedures influence the evaluation, such as the range of glare source luminances available in an adjustment procedure, leading to biased evaluations and which hence reduce the reliability and validity of the data. The article offers recommendations for good practice when using these procedures and also suggests alternative methods that might be explored in further work.

“…131 Locations that are considered to be brighter tend to be associated with higher levels of reassurance 132,133 and brightness is influenced by both the level and SPD of lighting. Regarding the benefit of light level, studies examining two or more illuminances tend to find the higher illuminance to provide the safer environment, 35,134 regardless of whether the illuminances observed were relatively low (0.24 lux and 1.31 lux), 135 or relatively high (15 lux, 25 lux and 50 lux). 136 In some studies, responses are sought before and after a change to the lighting, with that change tending to be an increased light level and/or a whiter SPD, and these tend to find a favourable response to the change -greater reassurance.…”

Section: Comparing Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road lighting research for drivers and pedestrians: The basis of luminance and illuminance recommendations

Lighting Research & Technology

Gibbons

2018

111

This article discusses quantitative recommendations for road lighting as given in guidelines and standards, primarily, the amount of light. The discussion is framed according to the type of road user, the driver and the pedestrian, these being the user groups associated with major and minor roads, respectively. Presented first is a brief history of road lighting standards, from early to current versions, and, where known, the basis of these standards. Recommendations for the amount of light do not appear to be well-founded in robust empirical evidence, or at least do not tend to reveal the nature of any evidence. This suggests a need to reconsider recommended light levels, a need reinforced by recent developments in the science and technology of lighting and of lighting research. To enable improved recommendations, there is a need for further evidence of the effects of changes in lighting: This article therefore discusses the findings of investigations, which might be considered when developing new standards.