Coming to Terms About Describing Golden Eagle Reproduction

“…Because of these uncertainties all pre-selected territories, and not only those documented as 'occupied territories', are used in the calculation of breeding success. This alternative method is also described by Steenhof et al (2017), and has been used by Kochert et al (1999) and Steenhof et al (2014). We cannot see any disadvantages of this approach as far as the pre-selected territories are selected based on good information on historical use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We regard nestlings aged over 49 days as the minimum requirement for a presumption of fledging in the Golden Eagle, as also recently recommended by Steenhof et al (2017). This choice was taken to allow for ringing of nestlings while they are still small enough for handling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring methods for the Golden EagleAquila chrysaetosin Norway

et al. 2018

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Capsule: A description of the methods used for monitoring the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Norway Aims: To provide a comprehensive description of monitoring methods. Methods: The intensive monitoring of the Golden Eagle in Norway started in 1991 as part of a national monitoring programme initiated by the Directorate for Nature Management (now the Norwegian Environment Agency). It has since become part of the Norwegian Large Predator Programme, and Golden Eagles are currently being monitored in 12 separate areas. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the current methods used in the intensive monitoring, with definitions, fieldwork and evaluation criteria for the final breeding status. In addition, a description of estimation of annual adult survival by genetic analysis is given. We describe the current methodology used in the intensive part of the Golden Eagle monitoring in Norway. Results: We present some results derived from the Norwegian monitoring system and discuss the potential for further analyses. In addition, we highlight aspects in the monitoring of the Golden Eagles where our methods deviate slightly from those applied in other countries and the potential effects of these. Conclusions: Intensive long-term monitoring programmes, such as this, will become increasingly valuable for monitoring the impact of environmental change, both from natural phenomena and from anthropogenic activities. To facilitate comparisons among the Golden Eagle monitoring programmes, detailed knowledge about the various methods applied is important.

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“…Territories were classed as occupied, probably occupied or apparently unoccupied (Steenhof et al 2017) and a territory centre was estimated, based on nest locations and the locations at which vultures displayed territorial behaviours. It is important to note that we could not be completely sure that apparently unoccupied territories were actually unoccupied.…”

Section: 32)mentioning

confidence: 99%