Combustion Properties of Gas-Generating Pyrotechnics

Engelen, Kurt; Lefebvre, M. H.; Ruyck, Jacques De

doi:10.1080/00102200108952151

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Three closed vessel tests are carried out for each of the selected pyrotechnic propellants. The used experimental setup for the closed vessel test and the postprocessing of the measured parameters has already been discussed in previous work (1,2,3) . Therefore, only a very concise description of the setup will be given and only the major equations to calculate burning rate, dynamic vivacity and yield of the cooled gases will be mentioned below.…”

Section: Closed Vessel Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More background information about the calculation methods of the ignition delay, burning rate, dynamic vivacity and yield of gas can be found in previous work (1,2,3) .…”

Section: Yield Of Cooled Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous work (1,2,3) , the combustion characteristics of pure NQ were also investigated. These results showed that for pure NQ:…”

Section: Yield Of Gas and Gas Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Engelen

Lefebvre

Hubin

2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Section: Closed Vessel Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More background information about the calculation methods of the ignition delay, burning rate, dynamic vivacity and yield of gas can be found in previous work (1,2,3) .…”

Section: Yield Of Cooled Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Engelen

Lefebvre

Hubin

2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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“…It should be noted that the use of nitrogen generating compositions do not cause big concerns about preventing the presence of condensed combustion products in the tank (via putting the filters like in inflators for airbags). But when using the oxygen generating compositions, many of which contain chlorates and perchlorates of alkali metals [16], one of the main products of combustion is corresponding metal chloride (NaCl, KCl) whose boiling point is between 1400 and 1500 K, which is often significantly lower than the combustion temperature, and thus NaCl or KCl can enter into the tank. For example, the composition NaClO 3 + CaO 2 + Mg [11] has calculated temperature 2036 K. As follows from the results in Table 1 the HC in the form of hot nitrogen gas (1125 K ...1798 K) enters the tank and solid products (s) can be filtered and remained in the gas generator having corresponding residual heat.…”

Section: The Selection Of Solid Gas Generating Compositions To Generate the Heat Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Solid Gas Generating Compositions to Ensure Non Explosiveness of Spent Orbital Stages of Liquid Rocket of Space Launch Vehicles

Trushlyakov

Zharikov

Лемперт

2017

Eurasian Chem. Tech. J.

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The choice is discussed of solid gas generating compositions for venting by hot combustion products a fuel tank of the spent orbital stage of a space launch vehicle with a main liquid rocket engine. Non explosiveness is achieved via eliminating the<br />possibility of freezing the drainage system when products of gasification (vapours of a propellant component + the remains of a gas boost + the hot products of combustion of solid gas generating compositions) are discharged from the tank into surrounding space. There are imposed requirements, constraints, and criteria for selecting solid gas generating compositions. When considering tank with the residues of liquid oxygen belonging to orbital spent stage of the launch vehicle «Zenith» the ways are shown how to ensure explosion safety, which on the basis of proposed approaches by selecting solid gas generating compositions (SGC) which generate oxygen and<br />nitrogen. As a criterion of choice of SGC the total mass of the gasification system is adopted, which includes the SGC mass for gasification of liquid propellant residues, the mass of the gas generator and the mass of system to supply the combustion products of SGC into the tank. It is proposed use of residual heat in the condensed phase of the SGC combustion products to heat up the drainage system, which will increase the probability of a trouble-free operation of the drainage system.

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“…EMs as a functional material can rapidly release large gas and energy when external energy input, which could be applied to formulate explosives, gas generating agents, and propellants [6–8]. The commonly used gas generating agent is sodium azide (NaN 3 ) [9], but the primary challenge for NaN 3 in the application is its high toxicity (LD * 50 =27 mg kg −1 ) [10] that increase obstacles of the filtration system and environment. Therefore, environment‐friendly EMs are being explored and applied to the fields of gas generating agents, propellants, and explosives [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Application of 1,2,4‐Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions

Xue

Xiong

Tang

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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High‐nitrogen energetic salts as the functional materials could be applied to formulate second explosives, gas‐generating agents, and propellants due to their large gas and energy release after combustion. Herein, a series of the insensitive and highly gas productive 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives including 4,5,5′‐triamine‐3,3′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (1) and 4,5′‐dinitramino‐5‐amine‐3,3′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (4) as well as corresponding salts were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of 4,5,5′‐triamine‐3,3′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (1), nitrate salt (2), 4,5′‐dinitramino‐5‐amine‐3,3′‐bi‐1,2,4‐triazole (4) and triaminoguanidine salt (9) were determined by X‐ray diffraction. For explosives candidates, energetic salts of ammonium (5), hydrazinium (6), hydroxylammonium (7), and triaminoguanidine (9) not only display the outstanding detonation performance (D, 8657–9120 m s−1, P, 27.78–33.39 GPa), but also show low mechanical sensitivities (IS≥20 J, FS≥216 N). Furthermore, the constant‐volume combustion experiment results reveal that 5, 6, 7, and 9 show excellent gas productivity (Pmax≥12.8 MPa) and pressure‐up rate (dP/dtmax≥164 GPa s−1). These compounds could be the efficient components of gas‐generating agents and propellants based on the calculated combustion parameters from EXPLO 5 software.

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Combustion Properties of Gas-Generating Pyrotechnics

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Properties of a Gas-Generating Composition Related to the Particle Size of the Oxidizer

Development of Solid Gas Generating Compositions to Ensure Non Explosiveness of Spent Orbital Stages of Liquid Rocket of Space Launch Vehicles

Exploring Application of 1,2,4‐Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions

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