Combustion process investigation in a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blend by conventional methods and optical diagnostics

Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol

“…The addition of ethanol resulted in lower soot mass compared with n-butanol addition. In addition, some other studies on n-butanol/diesel blends have also shown similar results as aforementioned reviews [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Therefore, n-butanol, as a potentially promising renewable alternative fuel, can be used in diesel engines without the penalty of engine power and can also reduce soot emissions in both conventional combustion and low temperature combustion modes.…”

Direct injection of neat n-butanol for enabling clean low temperature combustion in a modern diesel engine

“…This could be attributed to the prolonged ignition delay and improved fuel-air mixing before the start of combustion, which was achieved by appropriate control over the injection pressure, injection timing and intake oxygen concentration with the joint effect of increased resistance to auto-ignition and enhanced volatility of n-butanol blends than those of the pure diesel fuel. Merola et al conducted an optical investigation on the spray and combustion processes of n-butanol diesel blends and, as shown by the test results, a minor increase in NO x emissions but a significant reduction of soot emissions were observed in the spray flame of fuel blends compared to those of the pure diesel fuel [12]. Studies using n-butanol and bio-diesel blends showed similar results to those of n-butanol and diesel blends in terms of the engine performance and exhaust emissions [14,15].…”

“…Compared to the majority of diesel fuels, n-butanol has certain preferred fuel properties for enabling low temperature combustion (LTC), including the relatively higher oxygen content and high volatility along with lower ignitability, which are deemed helpful to improve fuel-air mixing and reduce particulate emissions of diesel engines. Owing to its less hydrophilicity and higher miscibility with diesel fuel than ethanol, n-butanol is usually blended with diesel for engine tests in most studies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Rakopoulos et al conducted a series of experimental studies on the effects of n-butanol diesel blends on the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine in either steady state operation [6,8] or during transient acceleration cycles [7].…”

Emission benefits from the use of n-butanol blends in a Euro 6 diesel engine

“…16 There are some studies which analyse the effect of n-butanol/diesel blends on diesel emissions. [17][18][19][20] In most of these studies, diesel engines were tested under steady conditions [21][22][23][24][25] and only few of them measured along driving cycles. For instance, Armas et al 18 and Kozak 26 analysed the effect of n-butanol addition on the performance and emissions from different Euro 4 diesel engines following the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).…”